The European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) has published the final report of the Expert Panel on the power outage of 28 April 2025 in continental Spain and Portugal. In addition to identifying the causes of this event, the report also provides recommendations to strengthen the resilience of Europe’s interconnected electricity system.
The results of the investigation show that the outage was caused by a combination of several interrelated factors, including system oscillations, shortcomings in voltage and reactive power control, differences in voltage regulation practices, rapid reductions in generation and generator disconnections in Spain, as well as uneven system stabilisation capabilities.
These factors led to a rapid increase in voltage and cascading disconnections of generation units, ultimately resulting in the power outage.
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To prevent similar events in the future, the recommendations highlight the need to improve operational practices and system monitoring, as well as to ensure closer coordination and more efficient data exchange among power system actors.
The report also underlines the importance of adapting regulatory frameworks to better reflect the increasingly dynamic and evolving nature of modern power systems.
More about the final report can be found here.
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