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Thawing Permafrost Poses Even Greater Climate Threat Than Previously Thought, Study Finds

Photo-illustration: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Thawing tundra may be allowing long-buried pockets of methane to be released into the atmosphere, new research suggests. A study surveying the Mackenzie Delta in Canada, published Wednesday in the journal Scientific Reports, suggested that these methane “seeps” on the tundra may be more problematic than previously thought.

The study finds that 17 percent of methane emissions in the area came from these seeps, despite emissions hotspots only covering one percent of the tundra’s surface area. The authors wrote that warming will “increase emissions of geologic methane that is currently still trapped under thick, continuous permafrost, as new emission pathways open due to thawing permafrost.”

“We were a bit surprised … we saw these very strong emissions. It means a very tiny fraction of the area produces quite a big share of the estimated annual emissions,” professor Torsten Sachs, one of the researchers, told The Independent.

As reported by Inside Climate News:

“This is another methane source that has not been included so much in the models,” said the study’s lead author, Katrin Kohnert, a climate scientist at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany. “If, in other regions, the permafrost becomes discontinuous, more areas will contribute geologic methane.”

Source: ecowatch.com

DRAGAN VIDANOVIĆ: Energy Passports for Public Buildings provided in Babušnica

Foto: EP
Foto: EP

This winter we talked with the Mayor of Babušnica, Mr. Dragan Vidanović about the activities carried out in the municipality. Our interlocutor confirms that it is one of the most underdeveloped municipalities in Serbia, but there is enthusiasm and effort to improve the quality of life.

Geographic location is attractive, the municipality is close to Bulgarian border, well connected with roads to nearby Niš and Pirot. It remains to work and invest in neglected areas of public life to take advantage of all the benefits that this town has. And there are many, this includes the history that goes back to the Roman period, archaeological sites and thermal waters that this locality is famous for.

EP: Municipality Babušnica signed the Contract with the Ministry of Energy and Mining and received together with Žagubica and Kragujevac the largest amount of funds, 15 million dinars for the improvement in energy efficiency. You have already had allocated funds in 2014, so tell us what was done in 2014 and what will you spend the funds allocated at the end of 2016 on?

Dragan Vidanović: In 2014, the municipality of Babušnica participated in the public call of the Ministry of Mining and Energy for financing projects in the field of energy efficiency in local governments. This activity was carried out in accordance with the Action Plan for Energy Efficiency of the Republic of Serbia and the municipality received funds in the amount of 12,178,920.00 dinars for the implementation of the project Improvement of Energy Efficiency in 2014: “Reconstruction of thermal envelope and replacement of doors and windows in the Babušnica Municipal Building “. Within this Project energy rehabilitation of the Babušnica Municipal Building was done.

The Project was completed successfully and its realization improved energy efficiency in such a way that the building after the performed works received a passport that upgraded the building from class “G” to class “B”. The implementation of this project reduced carbon dioxide emissions, while in the financial domain cash savings are generated.

Ilustracija: Pixabay

Due to the public call, the municipality received funds in the amount of 17,650,000.00 dinars VAT included, for the realization of the project Improvement of Energy Efficiency in 2016 “Rehabilitation of the façade and windows of the Health Centre “Dr. Jovan Ristić” Babušnica”. The contractual value after the procedure of public procurement is 10,007,570.00 dinars without VAT and the deadline is 180 days from the date of introduction in the work itself.

After the completion of works, energy passport will be issued and the building passes from “E” class to “B” class. Also in 2016, the municipality Babušnica realized the project “Improvement of Energy Efficiency of the building of the Cultural Centre in Babušnica“. The project is funded by the European Union and the Government of Switzerland, and is implemented within the framework of European PROGRESS program. The contractual value of the works amounts to 10,777,805.00 without VAT and the deadline is 30 days from the date of introduction in the work itself. After the completion of works, energy passport will be issued and the building passes from “G” class to “D” class.

EP: Similar projects are being implemented in Bosnia and Montenegro, public institutions receive funds, and in Croatia even citizens as private persons entered the project and received funding for rehabilitation and change of windows and doors in private homes. How do you assess the overall situation in the region? Why did the investment in energy efficiency fail for more than two decades?

Dragan Vidanović: I think that Serbia is late in relation to the surroundings when it comes to improving energy efficiency, but now Serbia is catching up. In the last few years Serbia has invested considerably more in energy efficiency both in terms of legislation and policy documents, as well as in terms of allocation of funds for the promotion of energy efficiency as evidenced by the example of the municipality Babušnica, which has received significant funding from local and international donors. I believe that the potential for the improvement of energy efficiency is great and that it is still underutilized, which is our task in the forthcoming period.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

EP: What is more important for your local community: road infrastructure, water supply, rehabilitation of landfills or is this type of projects the most important? Tell us about the overall situation in your municipality.

Dragan Vidanović: Although municipality Babušnica is one of the most underdeveloped municipalities in Serbia, when it comes to energy efficiency we invest a lot of effort and resources from the local budget for the promotion of this field as one of the fundamental pillars of our civilization. I think that it is equally important as the development of road infrastructure, water supply and cleaning of landfills. By improving energy efficiency, we significantly affect the protection of the environment and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. In our municipality, there is a large percentage of the rural areas with low level of pollution, but environmental protection is certainly one of the priorities. Energy recovery and efficient use of energy, help protect the environment, improve the quality of life of citizens and contributes to the reduction of financial resources which influences the sustainable economic development as the ultimate goal.

EP: What are the institutions involved in this project? Which contractors will implement all planned activities?

Dragan Vidanović: Local government with its organ, public institutions, public enterprises and other institutions and organizations are involved in the implementation of the project and they contribute directly or indirectly to the implementation of project activities. As an example of good practice and cooperation with the European PROGRESS program. With their help municipality realizes the project “Improvement of Energy Efficiency of the building of the Cultural Centre”. When it comes to improvement of energy efficiency of the Health Centre “Dr. Jovan Ristić”, a contract was signed with the best bidder in accordance with the law and other legal norms, where the works will be carried out in accordance with the license granted and elaborate on energy efficiency for this building. When selecting bidders, the preference is given to those who offer goods of domestic origin.

Interview by: Vesna Vukajlović

This interview was originally published in our bulletin “Energy Efficiency” in April 2017.

Lightsource and BlackRock Announce £1bn Solar Acquisition Spree

Photo: Pixabay
Photo: Pixabay

Solar developer Lightsource has teamed up with asset manager BlackRock in a strategic partnership aimed at consolidating the secondary UK solar market through around £1bn of acquisitions over the next three years.

The two companies yesterday revealed plans to acquire around 1GW of installed and operational UK solar power assets through a newly-created partnership named Kingfisher, which will target both levered and unlevered asset opportunities.

Lightsource said it had already kicked-started the partnership with a portfolio of 25 newly-constructed solar assets that boast either Renewables Obligation Certificate (ROC) or Contract for Difference (CfD) support with a total installed capacity of 156MW. It also plans to add a further 50MW of Northern Ireland ROC assets to the partnership later this year once they become operational.

As part of the agreement, Lightsource said it would be providing long-term operations and asset management services for the Kingfisher partnership, building on its experience providing such services for 1.9GW of utility-scale UK solar assets.

Lightsource chief investment officer, Paul McCartie, said the Kingfisher partnership was furether evidence of the firm’s ability to create profitable and sustainable investment opportunities in the solar energy market.

“By leveraging economies of scale, Lightsource can provide cost efficiencies and better returns as we acquire UK solar plants and operate them as part of our growing global portfolio,” McCartie said in a statement. “This is the clear differentiator between Lightsource and many other solar companies.”

One of the world’s largest asset managers, BlackRock manages around $4.8bn of equity assets in the renewable power sector through its dedicated Real Assets platform. Last week it also revealed it had raised a further £475m for its Renewable Income UK fund, thereby securing its position as the largest renewables investment fund in the UK.

Rory O’Connor, MD and head of renewable power for Europe at BlackRock, welcomed the partnership as a chance to create a new UK solar portfolio.

“Over the last two years, we have invested in more than 20 solar projects in the UK representing nearly 150MW of capacity on behalf of our clients, and we believe this market continues to present attractive opportunities for institutional investors,” he said. “In working closely together with Lightsource as a leading developer and operator of solar projects we are confident to realise a lot of additional potential in the market.”

Source: businessgreen.com

Vattenfall & Stadtwerke München Inaugurate 288 MW Sandbank Offshore Wind Farm

Photo-illustration: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Swedish power company Vattenfall and German communal company Stadtwerke München have successfully completed the construction and officially inaugurated the 288 MW Sandbank offshore wind farm this week, making way for enough clean electricity for 400,000 German households.

This past Sunday, Vattenfall and Stadtwerke München officially inaugurated the 288 megawatt (MW) Sandbank offshore wind farm, located 90 kilometres off the German island of Sylt. This is the second of the large Energiewende projects for Germany, after the 288 MW Dan Tysk offshore wind farm. Together, Vattenfall and Stadtwerke München now have 576 MW worth of installed offshore wind capacity, which makes them some of the largest producers of renewable electricity in the German Bight.

The Sandbank project is made up of 72 wind turbines, and is expected to provide renewable electricity equivalent to what is used by 400,000 German households, avoiding 700,000 tonnes of CO2 emissions annually.

“It is our ambition to power climate smarter living and to become CO2 free in one generation,” said Gunnar Groebler, Senior Vice President of Vattenfall and Head of Business Area Wind. “I think the start of Sandbank is a further proof to Vattenfall’s strategy of continuing to push the transformation of our production portfolio towards renewable energies.”

“Both companies and the entire Sandbank team has done a great job. That is also reflected by the fact that the wind farm construction could be finished three months earlier than originally planned.”

“Sandbank is another major project of our Renewable Energies Expansion Campaign,” added Dr. Florian Bieberbach, Stadtwerke München’s Chief Executive Officer. “It brings us a great step closer to our goal of 100 percent green electricity for Munich by 2025. I would like to thank all those who have contributed to the development of this powerful eco-power plant.”

Source: cleantechnica.com

UK’s First Geothermal Power Plant Launches Crowdfunding Drive

Photo: Pixabay
Photo: Pixabay

A project to build the UK’s first geothermal electricity site in Cornwall is now open for investment on crowdfunding site Abundance, with a target of raising £5m to kickstart construction.

The United Downs Deep Geothermal Power project near Redruth in Cornwall would be the country’s first commercial geothermal power plant, which works by drilling deep wells into the ground and pumping water inside to be warmed by heat from the Earth’s core.

The scheme has already received more than £10m in funding from the European Regional Development Fund and £2.4m from Cornwall County Council.

The bond offer, which went live on Saturday, seeks to raise a further £5m to fund construction of the 3MW project, which its developers say could generate enough electricity to power 5,500 homes every year.

“The geothermal resource beneath our feet is extensive, and, if properly managed, inexhaustible,” Ryan Law, general manager at Geothermal Engineering which is developing the project, said in a statement.

“The granite rocks of Cornwall have the highest heat flow in the UK and are the best place for the development of geothermal power,” he said. “The United Downs project is at the cutting edge of geothermal technology and we want to give the local community the chance to be involved in this project. This is why we are launching an offer of debentures through Abundance to allow people to invest directly, from a minimum of just £5.”

The bond offer has an 18-month term and an estimated return (AER) of 12 per cent, with the interest paid in full at the end of the term. Since its launch over the weekend it has already raised more than £1m on the Abundance platform.

Source: businessgreen.com

Met Office Warns England is at High Risk of ‘Unprecedented’ Rainfall

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay
Photo: Pixabay

England and Wales now have a one-in-three chance of seeing record rainfall levels in at least one region each winter, according to new research published yesterday by the Met Office that raises fears of widespread flooding risks.

Across the country ‘unprecedented’ levels of rainfall are to become increasingly commonplace even in today’s climate and could worsen as global warming progresses, the Met Office warned.

As the climate has changed historical data on extreme weather events has become less useful to researchers seeking to forecast future risk. So the researchers set out to develop a new prediction model, using the Met Office’s supercomputer to simulate thousands of possible winters in order to calculate the likelihood of future events like heavy downpours across the UK.

They concluded that England and Wales face a 34 per cent chance of seeing record rainfall in at least one region each winter.

“Our computer simulations provided one hundred times more data than is available from observed records,” Dr Vikki Thompson, lead author of the report, said in a statement. “Our analysis showed that these events could happen at any time and it’s likely we will see record monthly rainfall in one of our UK regions in the next few years.”

The new method has been dubbed ‘UNSEEN’, and was used by the government to as part of its recent National Flood Resilience Review.

The Review proposed a new “stress test” for assessing the risk of flooding from rivers in the UK and called for utilities and infrastructure providers to invest in increased flood resilience measures to ensure power, telecom, and water networks are better protected.

However, some experts believe this week’s new findings should prompt further action to prepare the UK for higher flood risk.

“It should be an urgent priority for the Environment Secretary to re-open the National Flood Resilience Review with the aim of improving the UK’s preparedness against surface water flooding caused by heavy rainfall, the risks of which are clearly spelled out in this paper,” Bob Ward, from the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change, told the BBC.

Source: businessgreen.com

Government Urged to Back EU Sharing Cities Electric Vehicle Project

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

A cross-party group of politicians has called on the government to throw its weight behind an EU-wide working group aimed at accelerating the uptake of clean, low carbon technologies across European cities.

In an open letter published in the Sunday Telegraph yesterday 15 MPs, Peers, and MEPs highlighted the environmental and economic benefits of a raft of new clean transport technologies, which emit zero CO2 while also helping to combat London’s air pollution problem.

They called on the government to back Sharing Cities, a joint Europe-wide programme aimed at delivering pioneering smart technologies in hundreds of EU cities and regions, including London, Paris, and Lisbon.

Drawing on €24m of EU funding, the London-based working group aims to unlock €500m investment in clean technologies and engage more than 100 cities across Europe over the next three years. The group is currently testing electric logistics vehicles in Greenwich, and plans to also begin testing smart technologies in Bordeaux, Burgas, Lisbon, Milan and Warsaw.

“Through municipalities working together, Sharing Cities is sharing the cost of testing new technologies and is using economies of scale to reduce the price paid by taxpayers and increasing the attractiveness to innovators,” the letter states.

Signatories to the letter include Conservative MEP Julie Girling, Labour peer Lord Whitty, the SNP’s Alan Brown MP, Lib Dem MEP Catherine Bearder, Green Party peer Baroness Jones of Moulsecoomb, and Labour peer Baroness Blackstone.

Sharing Cities’ programme director Nathan Pierce said electric vehicles and bikes were crucial in the fight against air pollution and climate change. “In order to achieve the government’s ambitious aim of ‘almost every car and van to be zero emission by 2050’ it is clear that cities will need to work together,” he said. “We are pleased that such a broad group of politicians sitting in the European Parliament, Westminster and City Hall have come together to back the work we are already doing to achieve these aims.”

The letter comes ahead of the final version of the government’s forthcoming UK air quality plan, which must be published by the end of July at the latest amid calls from a green groups and politicians for financial penalties to be placed on higher polluting fossil fuel vehicles in urban centres.

However, while the government can expect to find itself facing fresh legal action if the plan is not ambitious enough, there was also a taster today of the criticism it will face from some quarters if it introduces new charges for diesel drivers.

The FairFuel UK lobby group, which has won the backing of several MPs from both Labour and the Conservative parties, today called on Environment Secretary Michael Gove to use “proven” methods to improve air quality in the upcoming plan and to “challenge the medical evidence being used by environmental groups”.

It is estimated that air pollution – including nitrogen dioxide (NOx) – is responsible for at least 40,000 premature deaths in the UK each year, among a range of other adverse social and health impacts.

But the group questions the figures used to attribute deaths to air pollution, arguing the “emotive questionable facts of NOx pollution will cost us trillions in transport policy and legislation changes and improve out life expectancy by only a relatively tiny amount of time”.

It also claims 12,000 members of the public have emailed Defra in recent weeks asking Gove “not to be pressurised by emotive, unsubstantiated health data and rashly decide to tax the UK’s drivers and businesses”, and cites poll findings that 87 per cent are not confident Defra will be fair to drivers in the air quality plan.

Several politicians from the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Fair Fuel for Motorists and Hauliers have also given their backing to the lobby group’s calls, including Tory MPs Julian Knight – chair of the APPG – and Charlie Elphicke, as well as Labour MP Mary Glindon.

Howard Cox, founder of the FairFuelUK campaign, said motorists should not be taxed more for driving higher polluting cars.

“With only 11 per cent of emissions attributed to cars, why should hard-working drivers, families, white van man and small businesses be held responsible for 89 per cent of the issue and be asked to pay for the austerity policies of the last seven years too, when there are other proven more effective ways to improve air quality?” he said.

Source: businessgreen.com

Protein From Solar Energy & Carbon Dioxide Could Slow The Pace Of Climate Change

Photo: Pixabay
Photo: Pixabay

Humans need protein to survive, but growing the food that supplies the much needed protein adds carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere, speeding up the pace of climate change. Agriculture has many other negative environmental effects.

Growing crops and raising livestock both consume enormous quantities of water. Millions of tons of fertilizers made from petroleum are dumped on fields. Lagoons large enough to be seen from space are filled with animal waste. The runoff from those fields and lagoons pollute local rivers and streams before washing into the oceans.

Millions of acres of forests are chopped down every year to make room for more grazing land and farms. When those trees are burned or decompose, the carbon dioxide sequestered in their wood is released back into the atmosphere, making the world hotter.

Scientists in Finland are working on a new process that creates protein using electricity and carbon dioxide from the air. Think about that for a moment. It might actually be possible for people to feed themselves anywhere on earth using nothing but electricity from solar or other renewable energy sources.

No fertilizer, no animal waste, no deforestation, no emissions from trucks hauling food to market, and no famine in places where too little water and too much heat combine to make conventional agriculture impossible. Is it a dream?

Maybe. The technology isn’t quite ready to leap out of the laboratory quite yet. In fact, at present it takes two weeks to grow a gram of protein. But scientists at the Lappeenranta University of Technology and the VTT Technical Research Center in Finland have proven it can be done. Now all they have to do is scale up the process and scale down the costs.

“In practice, all the raw materials are available from the air. In the future, the technology can be transported to, for instance, deserts and other areas facing famine. One possible alternative is a home reactor, a type of domestic appliance that the consumer can use to produce the needed protein,” explains Juha-Pekka Pitkänen, Principal Scientist at VTT.

The protein produced in the lab could be consumed directly by humans or used as fodder for animals. “Compared to traditional agriculture, the production method currently under development does not require a location with the conditions for agriculture, such as the right temperature, humidity or a certain soil type.

“This allows us to use a completely automatized process to produce the animal feed required in a shipping container facility built on the farm. The method requires no pest control substances. Only the required amount of fertilizer-like nutrients is used in the closed process. This allows us to avoid any environmental impacts, such as runoffs into water systems or the formation of powerful greenhouse gases,” says Professor Jero Ahola of LUT.

The scientists claim their process is 10 times more energy efficient than ordinary photosynthesis. Next, they will attempt to produce larger quantities of their prototype protein so that full-scale trials leading to commercialization of the process can begin.

“We are currently focusing on developing the technology: reactor concepts, technology, improving efficiency and controlling the process. Control of the process involves adjustment and modelling of renewable energy so as to enable the microbes to grow as well as possible. The idea is to develop the concept into a mass product, with a price that drops as the technology becomes more common. The schedule for commercialization depends on the economy,” Ahola states.

Professor Pitkänen explains, “In the long term, protein created with electricity is meant to be used in cooking and products as it is. The mixture is very nutritious, with more than 50 per cent protein and 25 percent carbohydrates. The rest is fats and nucleic acids. The consistency of the final product can be modified by changing the organisms used in the production.”

The research is part of the Neo-Carbon Energy project funded by the Academy of Finland. Its goal is to develop an energy system that is completely renewable and emission free. Goals don’t get much loftier than that.

Source: cleantechnica.com

Growth in Green Jobs Slows as Industry Waits for Government Action

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

The growth in the number of green jobs being created across the country has slowed over the last year thanks to the “bonfire” of clean energy policies under the current government, according to new research published today by the Renewable Energy Association (REA).

The REA found that 125,940 people were employed in the UK across the renewable heat, power, and transport sector in 2015/6, a rise of 126,000 compared to a year earlier.

However, the data reveals a sharp slowdown in the rate of new jobs being created, with 2015/16’s 2.5 per cent increase on the previous year representing the slowest rate of growth since 2012. In comparison, in 2014/5 the growth in new jobs stood at nine per cent.

Meanwhile, growth in turnover across the renewable energy industries also slowed from around six per cent annually since 2012 to 3.5 per cent in the last year.

The trade body blames swingeing cuts to clean energy policies – including subsidy cuts for key renewables technologies like solar and onshore wind – and delays in key policy decisions for the slowdown.

“What is deeply frustrating is that this growth could have been greater,” REA chief executive Nina Skorupska said in a statement. “Policy instability in Westminster has slowed growth. Our member companies are helping build a system that is reliable, low-carbon and more affordable than the previous one.

“There’s fierce competition to be at the fore of these new technologies internationally,” she added. “Government action is needed to ensure the opportunity to be leaders in technologies such as energy storage and decentralised systems does not slip between our fingers.”

Low-carbon business has been growing increasingly frustrated with a lack of action from the government to drive forward the green policy agenda, particularly in light of fast-approaching EU targets and an acknowledgement that the UK is not on track to meet its legally binding national targets.

The Brexit referendum and latest general election have both caused delays to the release of key policy proposals, including the Clean Growth Plan which the government has promised will deliver wide-ranging policy clarity for the sector. It was originally promised for the end of last year, but is now expected to come out this autumn.

Meanwhile decisions to cut subsidies for clean energy is taking its toll on the sector, with the number of solar jobs falling by nearly a fifth between 2015/6 after rapid and significant cuts to funding. The REA expects the impact of other cost-cutting measures across green industries to become even more apparent in the 2016/7 data.

The Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy was considering a response at the time of going to press.

However, Ministers have repeatedly argued they remain committed to growing the clean energy sector and insist cuts to subsidies were necessary to address concerns about the upward pressure they apply to energy bills.

They will also likely point to today’s announcement of fresh support for energy storage and smart grid technologies, and plans for a new clean energy contract auction in the summer as evidence of their backing for the sector.

Source: businessgreen.com

Drop in Wind Energy Costs Adds Pressure for Government Rethink

Photo-ilustration: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Onshore windfarms could be built in the UK for the same cost as new gas power stations and would be nearly half as expensive as the Hinkley Point C nuclear plant, according to a leading engineering consultant.

Arup found that the technology has become so cheap that developers could deliver turbines for a guaranteed price of power so low that it would be effectively subsidy-free in terms of the impact on household energy bills.

France’s EDF was awarded a contract for difference – a top-up payment – of £92.50 per megawatt hour over 35 years for Hinkley’s power, or around twice the wholesale price of electricity.

By contrast, Arup’s report found that windfarms could be delivered for a maximum of £50-55 per MWh across 15 years.

ScottishPower, which commissioned the analysis, hopes to persuade the government to reconsider its stance on onshore windfarms, which the Conservatives effectively blocked in 2015 by banning them from competing for subsidies and imposing new planning hurdles.

Keith Anderson, the firm’s chief operating officer, told the Guardian that onshore wind could help the UK meet its climate targets, was proven in terms of being easy to deliver, and was now “phenomenally competitive” on price.

“If you want to control the cost of energy, and deliver energy to consumers and to businesses across the UK at the most competitive price, why would you not want to use this technology? This report demonstrates it’s at the leading edge of efficiency,” he said.

The big six energy firm believes that with a cap on top-up payments so close to the wholesale price, onshore windfarms would be effectively subsidy-free – but the guaranteed price would be enough to de-risk projects and win the investment case for them.

“What we are asking for is a mechanism that underpins the investment risk,” said Anderson.

The group believes that any political sting for Tory MPs concerned about public opposition to turbines in English shires would be removed because such a low guaranteed price would see only the windiest sites coming in cheap enough – which means windfarms in Scotland.

“You put these projects in the right place, you will get the correct level of resource out of them to keep the costs down and you will get public acceptance of people liking them,” Anderson said, citing the example of the company’s huge Whitelee windfarm near Glasgow.

Dr Robert Gross, director of the centre for energy policy and technology at Imperial College, said: “Onshore wind has been coming in at remarkably low prices internationally, so a contract for difference price of around £50-60 per MWh looks perfectly feasible for a good location in the UK, one of the windiest countries in Europe.

“Windfarms generally need fixed price contracts in order to secure finance, otherwise volatile electricity prices can make investing in wind risky.”

The Conservative manifesto was seen by some in industry as softening the party’s stance on onshore wind, saying that it did not believe “more large-scale onshore wind power is right for England” but not mentioning Wales and Scotland, which have some of the best potential sites.

The party also promised a review of the cost of energy which the Guardian revealed last week was likely to be led by the University of Oxford economist Dieter Helm, a critic of the cost of today’s renewable and nuclear power technologies.

However, Anderson said he saw the report, due in October, as a good opportunity.

“I would find it surprising if anybody else doing a costs review of the energy sector comes to a fundamentally different argument [to the Arup report],” he said.

Leo Murray, of climate change charity 10:10, said: “It looks increasingly absurd that the Conservatives have effectively banned Britain’s cheapest source of new power.”

Source: businessgreen.com

Over 8.3 Billion Metric Tons Of Plastics Made By Humans To Date, Most Of Which Now Litter

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

More than 8.3 billion metric tons of plastics have been produced by humans since large-scale production began back in the 1950s, according to a new study published in the journal Science Advances.

Almost all of this plastic now resides as litter or micro-plastics pollution in the natural environment, or buried in landfills. As of 2015, only 9% of the plastics made to date have been recycled, and only 12% incinerated — together accounting for around 2 billion metric tons of plastic — according to the new research. The other 6.3 billion metric tons of plastics that have been produced have become waste (~79%).

Much of the discarded plastic now exists as so-called “micro-plastics” pollution — circulating en masse in the oceans and seas of the world, and present in the seafood that many people eat.

The research predicts that if current trends continue, around 12 billion metric tons of plastic waste will be polluting the natural environment or in landfills by 2050.

“Most plastics don’t biodegrade in any meaningful sense, so the plastic waste humans have generated could be with us for hundreds or even thousands of years,” commented Jenna Jambeck, study co-author and associate professor of engineering at UGA. “Our estimates underscore the need to think critically about the materials we use and our waste management practices.”

“Roughly half of all the steel we make goes into construction, so it will have decades of use — plastic is the opposite,” noted Roland Geyer, lead author of the paper and associate professor in UCSB’s Bren School of Environmental Science and Management. “Half of all plastics become waste after four or fewer years of use.”

The press release provides more: “The scientists compiled production statistics for resins, fibers and additives from a variety of industry sources and synthesized them according to type and consuming sector.

“Global production of plastics increased from 2 million metric tons in 1950 to over 400 million metric tons in 2015, according to the study, outgrowing most other human-made materials. Notable exceptions are materials that are used extensively in the construction sector, such as steel and cement. But while steel and cement are used primarily for construction, plastics’ largest market is packaging, and most of those products are used once and discarded.”

If you take a little step back, one of the shocking bit of perspective about all of this is how fast plastic has invaded our world. “There are people alive today who remember a world without plastics,” Jambeck continued. “But they have become so ubiquitous that you can’t go anywhere without finding plastic waste in our environment, including our oceans.”

Something that the new research revealed that’s particularly interesting is the speed at which plastics production has been increasing in recent years — with roughly half of all the plastics ever produced having been produced in just the last 13 years.

If current rates of production and waste continue, one has to really wonder just how polluted the world’s oceans will be with plastic by 2050.

Source: cleantechnica.com

Blustery June Tops ‘Incredible’ Six Months for Scottish Wind Power

Foto-ilustracija: EP
Photo: EP

A blustery June in Scotland saw yet another wind power generation record tumble last month, topping what green campaigners have hailed as an “incredible” 2017 so far for Scotland’s growing wind energy sector.

According to WWF Scotland analysis, wind turbines alone provided more than 1,039,001MWh of electricity to the grid in June, which is enough to meet the average needs of 118 per cent of households north of the border – a new record.

The favourable weather conditions last month also meant that wind turbines generated enough power to supply more than all of Scotland’s national demand for six days.

The conditions helped bolster the overall generation levels for the first half of 2017, during which wind turbines provided an “extraordinary” 6,634,585MWh of electricity to the National Grid, enough to supply the average needs of 124 per cent of Scottish households – or three million homes – according to WWF Scotland.

That represents an increase of 24 per cent compared to the previous six-monthly wind generation record in Scotland, which was set during the first half of 2015.

Compiled by WeatherView, the data also shows Scotland’s total electricity consumption for homes, businesses and industry for the first six months of the year was 11,689,385MWh, which means wind power generated the equivalent of more than half – 57 per cent – of Scotland’s entire electricity needs.

WWF Scotland’s acting director, Dr Sam Gardner, said the data reflected an “incredible” 2017 so far for renewable sources in Scotland. “Scotland is continuing to break records on renewable electricity, attracting investment, creating jobs and tackling climate change,” he said. “If we want to reap the same rewards in the transport and heating sectors we need the Scottish Government to put in place strong policies on energy efficiency and transport in the forthcoming Climate Change Bill.”

Meanwhile, the first six months of the year also brought positive news for Vattenfall, a major developer of offshore wind in Scotland.

Published on Friday, the Swedish energy firm’s latest financial results show Vattenfall increased its underlying profit to almost SEK 13.2bn ($1.6bn) in the first six months of 2017, and boosted its customer base by 110,000, despite its net sales falling by three per cent.

On wind power specifically, the company hailed its strong UK base after having recently inaugurated its Pen y Cymoedd and Ray wind farms, and said it was on track to meet its global target of adding 2.3GW of additional renewable power capacity by 2020.

President and CEO Magnus Hall also said the company was taking further steps towards being “fossil-free” within one generation, highlighting partnerships in Sweden for fossil-free cement industry processes and the recent decommissioning of its lignite-fired power plant in Berlin.

“We are clearly following our purpose, which calls for us to ‘Power Climate Smarter Living’,” said Hall in a statement. “Again, we have taken a few steps closer to being fossil-free within a generation.”

Source: businessgreen.com

Plastic Bag Use in England Tumbles Thanks to 5p Charge

Photo-ilustration: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Major supermarkets in England have seen a huge drop in the number of plastic bags issued to customers since they were forced to begin charging 5p for their use in 2015.

The latest statistics published by Defra last week show the seven major retailers voluntarily providing data issued around six billion fewer single-use plastic bags – an 83 per cent drop – during 2016/17 compared to the 2014 calendar year.

This would be equivalent to each person in the population using around 25 bags during 2016 to 2017, compared to around 140 bags a year before the charge, according to Defra.

Since October 5 2015 large shops in England have been required to charge 5p for all single-use plastic carrier bags, and to report certain information on plastic bag sales to Defra, in a bid to cut plastic waste.

Last week Defra published statistics on the first full financial year of plastic bag use since the 5p charge was brought into law.

The data was compiled from bag use figures from Asda, Marks & Spencer, Sainsbury, Tesco, the Co-operative Group, Waitrose and Morrisons for their stores in England only, with Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland having separate rules and reporting requirements.

It shows that all large retailers in England sold 2.1 billion single-use plastic carrier bags during the year from 7 April 2016 to 6 April 2017, in addition to selling 1.1 billion bags during the first six months of the 5p charge in 2015 to 2016.

Meanwhile, of all the retailers in total that provided data in 2015 to 2016, Defra said 13 (five per cent) have now changed to using either paper bags or re-useable bags and are therefore no longer required to report on the number of bags used. They had previously reported sales that accounted for 0.2 per cent of the total number single-use plastic carrier bags in the six-month reporting period for 2015 to 2016, according to the Department.

The majority of money raised from the 5p levy is given to good causes, with almost two-thirds of retailers voluntarily providing additional information on how much they had donated. Defra said these retailers donated over £66m to good causes, amounting to 4p for every single-use bag sold by them.

The news follows Michael Gove’s first speech as Environment Secretary last week, in which he confirmed further government plans reduce plastic waste by pressing ahead with a ban microbeads from cosmetic and personal care products in the UK.

Source: businessgreen.com

Oil Pollution Changes Fish Behaviour

Ilustracija: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Limiting industrial pollution like petroleum-based oil could be key to preserving ecosystems like the Great Barrier Reef, a new study has found.

The world-first research found the presence of the substance caused six fish species that inhabit the Queensland reef to engage in risky behaviour.

Australian Research Council’s Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies co-author Jodie Rummer said fish were unable to identify ‘friend from foe’ and they stopped travelling in groups.

‘The fishes also had trouble selecting suitable habitats, swam toward open waters and could not swim away quickly from danger,’ she said.

The study found that concentrations of oil equivalent to a couple of drops in a swimming pool could have an impact on their decision-making.

University of Texas lead author Jacob Johansen said the study showed there could be ‘major consequences’ for coral reefs, fish and tourism operators if there was an oil spill.

‘Over the past 35 years many of the world’s coral reefs have declined,’ he said.

‘Still, many governments continue to allow industrial activities, including oil drilling and exploration, in sensitive reef habitats.’

(source: SkyNews)

Driving Under the Influence? It is Possible in a Car Powered by Whisky Biofuel

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Alcohol and automobiles famously do not mix – but one Scottish scientist has disproved that maxim by driving a car powered by biofuel derived from making whisky.

Edinburgh-based Celtic Renewables has developed a process to manufacture the biofuel biobutanol from draff and pot ale – barley kernels and a yeasty liquid that are produced when whisky is made and then usually thrown away.

Martin Tangney, the president of Celtic Renewables and director of Edinburgh Napier University’s Biofuel Research Centre, said that a desire to effectively manage resources had inspired him to pursue the project.

“What I did was I look at this as a business innovation as much as a technical innovation and thought: ‘if 70 percent of the cost of production is coming from the raw materials – why not tackle that end of it?'” he told Reuters by telephone on Friday.

Tangney showed the new fuel’s efficiency by driving a rental car filled with the mixture around the university’s car park this week.

Tangney said that Celtic would get inexpensive or free raw materials from the distillery it works with, who were keen to cut the 300,000 pounds ($386,370.00) a year it costs to dispose of the whisky waste residues.

Biobutanol also has an advantage over other biofuels. More of it can be included in consumer petrol – as much as 15 percent – without requiring engine modifications.

With the assistance of 9 million pounds of funding support from the Scottish government and other investors, the company plans to open a factory in 2018 that can produce 500,000 liters of the fuel annually.

With the raw material available throughout Scotland, Tangney estimates it could eventually produce 50 million liters of biofuel each year.

“The whisky industry will now have a sustainable and reliable way of disposing of their residue”, Tangney said. “Plus we’ll create a brand new industry out of something that has no value whatsoever.”

(source: Reuters)

AIR POLLUTION AND CARS: Diesel Today is Better than Gas

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay
Photo: Pixabay

Modern diesel cars emit less pollution generally than cars that run on gasoline, says a new six-nation study published today in Scientific Reports whose groundwork was laid in part by an American chemist now working at Université de Montréal.

And since diesel is so much cleaner than before, environmental regulators should increasingly shift their focus to dirtier gasoline-powered cars and other sources of air pollution, says the UdeM scientist, Patrick Hayes.

“Diesel has a bad reputation because you can see the pollution, but it’s actually the invisible pollution that comes from gasoline in cars that’s worse,” said Hayes, 36, an assistant professor at UdeM.

“The next step should be to focus on gasoline or removing old diesel vehicles from the road. Modern diesel vehicles have adopted new standards and are now very clean, so attention needs to now turn to regulating on-road and off-road gasoline engines more. That’s really the next target.”

The study, led by researchers in Switzerland and Norway with help from Hayes and colleagues in Italy, France and the U.S., looked at carbonaceous particulate matter (PM) emitted from the tailpipes of cars.

Carbonaceous PM is made up of black carbon, primary organic aerosol (POA) and, especially, secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which is known to contain harmful reactive oxygen species and can damage lung tissue.

Photo: Pixabay

In recent years, newer diesel cars in Europe and North America have been required to be equipped with diesel particle filters (DPFs), which significantly cut down on the pollution they emit.

In the lab (at the Paul Scherrer Institute, near Zurich in Switzerland), “gasoline cars emitted on average 10 times more carbonaceous PM at 22°C and 62 times more at -7°C compared to diesel cars,” the researchers noted in their study.

“The increase in emissions at lower temperatures is related to a more pronounced cold-start effect,” when a gasoline engine is less efficient because it’s not yet warned up and its catalytic converter is not yet on, the study noted.

It added: “These results challenge the existing paradigm that diesel cars are associated, in general, with far higher PM emission rates, reflecting the effectiveness” of engine add-ons like DPFs to stem pollution.

Photo: Pixabay

That said, it is true that older diesel cars do pollute more than gasoline cars, because they don’t have DPFs, and diesel cars in general emit far more nitrogen oxides, which cause smog and acid rain, the study also noted.

For their investigation, the researchers utilized field work on air pollution that Hayes carried out in California in 2010 and published in 2013 when he was a researcher at the University of Colorado working with Jose-Luis Jimenez (also a co-author of the new study).

Over four weeks in a parking lot of the California Institute of Technology, in Pasadena, Hayes analyzed air coming from nearby traffic-heavy Los Angeles, drawn through a tube in the roof of a modified construction trailer.

Photo: Pixabay

Now he’s doing something similar up in Canada’s Far North, “the final resting place of atmospheric pollution,” said Hayes, a New Yorker from Albany who has lived in Montreal since 2013.

He’s interested in whether the carbonaceous PM up North exacerbates climate change.

Soot that settles on snow makes the snow darker and, warmed by the sun, the snow melts faster, for example. To better understand the origins of PM in the Arctic, for the past two years Hayes has been taking measurements at Eureka, Nunavut on Ellesmere Island.

He plans to publish his findings next year.