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Every Man Who Loves Nature Is My Brother

Foto: Dragan Mujan

He said that Indians are the only people who live in harmony with nature, that we are in desperate need of every grain from the field that we do not leave a furrow after the harvest to feed the pheasant, that a new age man who talks most about the nature conservation is the one who pollutes it… We could expect this kind of attitude from some passionate naturalist or avid fighter for the protection of the planet. Still, in the picture we see Vuk Kostic, an actor, hunter and fisherman, and these are truly his words.

In between rehearsals and filming, Vuk took the time to answer our questions about hunting and fishing and whether these activities are contrary to the concept of nature protection. In order not to waste time, we chose in medias res approach.

EP: People generally have a negative assumption about hunting because their first association is killing innocent animals for fun. Are hunters the enemies of nature?

Vuk Kostic: It’s a far cry from the destruction of nature because hunting is the best form of nature protection. People who have never taken a single corn cob into the woods and yet comment hunting should acknowledge that hunters are those who feed animals. When the winter comes with temperatures of – 20 or any other natural disaster, the animals run out of food. Not only do those circumstances starve the ruminants because they cannot reach the food, but predators also decimate them. Here is another example; if one year we do not hunt foxes, they multiply and eat all the rabbits in the hunting area. The following year, the foxes reproduce, but the rabbits are gone, so they have nothing to eat. Man intruded in nature a long time ago. It is easy to illustrate that. Highways crisscrossed the land so the game cannot move freely. Thus, when the man has already interfered with nature, he must regulate it. The fact is that the hunter cannot endanger nature as much as the industry can; the fisherman cannot fish as much as the industry can.

The modern man uses numerous household chemicals and does not think about nature when he enthusiastically says, “I have just sprayed a little bit and it immediately took off the rust”. And that went into the water and the packaging to a landfill where it will never decompose. Appealing packaging attracts us while shopping, but it will remain in nature for another three hundred years.

Each hunting association “Srbija sume”, every hunting ground, every forest has a game management unit. It means that you approximately know how many animal species there are per species. The aim is that the forest is full of a healthy animal population. One of the ways to maintain the game is preservation and harvesting. Apart from us hunters, mountaineers and mushroom pickers, I do not know who else goes to nature. Admittedly, some people spend one day in nature and leave behind the plastic bags, and the bear can’t pick them up. Waste Utility takes care of this in the city, but not in nature. Animals can’t deal with it.

Photo: Private archive

EP: You mentioned fishermen. You also often go to the Adriatic for fishing. Is the situation at sea better than in the forests?

Vuk Kostic: I have travelled from Mexico to Australia, and there is no such beautiful sea as the Adriatic because there are no poisonous fish or sharks. In Mexico and Australia, corals can burn you, and the fish are poisonous. So, one little jellyfish can kill 20 people if they touch it. Not to mention tsetse flies, spiders, poisonous snakes, Anopheles mosquitoes and other insects.

The climate of the Adriatic is so mild, and there is nothing that can endanger and harm you. There is fish, but we should not think that this fish stock is limitless. Fish quotas have been set in Croatia, thus, for example, the period for fishing tuna is known. Still, with that measure, a small fisherman gets the wrong end of the bargain. Those with large ships and large nets catch all the fish and then it is said that one can catch only three more. And only small fishermen depend on what they catch, and they are the only endangered by this measure. The sea is polluted, but when you have protected areas, the fish has a place to circulate and spawn. One must not fish there. Finally, several old boats can be sunk, which are interesting for diving at depths of 30 meters, where fish can reside.

EP: Is there plastic at these depths?

Vuk Kostic: Not in the Adriatic. But if we were to collect all the plastic floating on the seas, we would see an island bigger than Australia. But that’s not the only problem. There is also the engine noise, as well as the one from the oil rigs, which confuse fish, mammals, dolphins, whales and it leads them in the wrong direction, so they stray. I recommend everyone to watch a documentary with Leonardo Di CaprioBefore the Flood”. Your readers will be much more aware of the problems that animals face.

EP: Apart from Serbia, is there any other place you would like to live in?

Vuk Kostic: I used to think about Mexico. Australia is beautiful too. However charming these countries are, there is no such beauty as the Adriatic.

EP: What have we demonstrated as nature guardians?

Vuk Kostic: A modern man is generally not in touch with nature. I remember one nifty anecdote. A friend of mine who is a producer was shooting a commercial in which a child was supposed to pet a cow. They went to a farm in Vojvodina. They took the cow outside, and since it had never come out of the box, it could not walk; its legs were like macaroni. It was out of the question for the child to go and cuddle it. They lost a whole day because they had to find an animal that spends its days in nature.

I believe that it will be even worse even though technology enables us the ability to protect nature. We are not good guardians, except for us hunters. It is in hunters’ best interest to have does in the forest, and others do not care if there are any. They have never seen them.

Prepared by: Nevena Djukic

Read the whole interview in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine on ENERGY EFFICIENCY.

Per Aspera Ad Sol

Foto: Unsplash
Foto: Unsplash

When you crave a cake but do not have any will to make it on your own, you will be going to a pastry shop. In case of experiencing back pain at work, you will be arranging a massage appointment. If you need a new pair of running shoes, you will be visiting the shops with sports equipment. Supposing that you want to improve the energy efficiency of your objects, you will be reaching out to the engineers of the Center for Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Development (CEEFOR).

Why choose them over the huge competition? Because when you see only data, they see the opportunity to save energy and money and reduce emissions of harmful gases. By contacting them, many domestic and foreign companies seized the opportunity for both themselves and the environment, while improving their business at the same time.

The team of experts of the Belgrade-based company has top-quality references in designing and implementing measures of energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources. The knowledge of twenty engineers is based on the best examples from world practice and is supported by the many years of experience in the development of projects, production of technical and project documentation and the provision of support services.

Whether you are hiring the CEEFOR as a reliable consultant for energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources or as a direct partner in charge of developing studies, projects and project documentation, you can count on the dedicated work of employees in finding a practical and long-lasting solution, adapted to your capabilities and needs, in the following areas:

  •  implementation of preliminary, short and detailed energy audits,
  •  consulting and engineering for financial institutions and investors in the fields of energy efficiency and renewable energy,
  •  elaboration of feasibility studies related to energy technologies and technologies related to energy efficiency improvement,
  •  making feasibility studies for the use of renewable energy sources and the construction of power plants,
  •  consulting and production of all kinds of project technical documentation (General Projects, Conceptual Designs, As-built designs, Projects for building permit, Detailed-Design Projects etc.),
  •  consulting in the field of preparation and implementation of the energy management system in industrial enterprises at the local level (municipalities and cities),
  •  information technology in the field of energy savings and implementation.

It would be surprising finding at one place the Recycling Center “Bozic i sinovi” from Pancevo, producer of confectionery and food products “Swisslion Takovo” from Novi Sad, “Knjaz Milos” from Arandjelovac, Winery “Vino Zupa” from Aleksandrovac and public garage “Obilicev venac” from Belgrade, but the list of the CEEFOR’s customers includes even this diverse team.

There are also Elektroprivreda Srbije, Lazarevac heating plant “Kolubara”, Municipality of Lapovo, Health Center Kladovo, small hydro power plant Ravni, Novi Sad meat processing company “Neoplanta”, cardboard factory “Umka”, NIS Gasprom-Njeft and Solaris Energy.

When you place your confidence in the knowledgeable hands, there is no room for fear. Your expectations will be outplayed.

Prepared by: Jelena Kozbasic

Rare Two-Headed Snake Nicknamed ‘Double Dave’ Is Found in US

Photo: Facebook (screenshot)

Scientists have named a rare two-headed snake Double Dave after it was found in a forest in the US state of New Jersey.

Photo: Facebook (screenshot)

The baby timber rattlesnake was discovered last month by environmentalists from the Herpetological Associates group, who study endangered and threatened reptiles.

The name Double Dave was coined because it was discovered by the environmentalist Dave Schneider and his colleague, also called Dave. The venomous pit viper, which is 20-25cm (8-10 inches) long, has two fully formed heads, meaning it has four working eyes and two flickering tongues.

Schneider explained that Double Dave’s two heads worked independently of each other, and it would be difficult for such a creature to survive in the wild, because the condition meant it was slow-moving and could be easily picked off by prey.

Two-headed snakes often have one head that is slightly more developed than the other, and the heads have been known to fight each other over food, not realising that whatever they eat is heading to the same digestive system.

The condition of having more than one head is known as polycephaly, and happens in much the same way that conjoined twins are formed: an embryo that has begun to split into identical twins stops before fully dividing.

Two-headed animals are considered in many cultures to be a portent of disaster, and they have frequently appeared in mythology. But although they are rare, happening in around one in 100,000 live births in the wild, two-headed snakes do turn up fairly frequently. In recent weeks, another two-headed snake made the news after it was photographed in the Bali resort of Tabanan.

In 2018, a two-headed snake even went on tour. Named Tom and Jerry, the 17-year-old California kingsnake appeared as one of the star attractions at the Reptile Expo in Villeneuve, Switzerland.

Keeping two-headed snakes alive can pose problems. Photographs of a two-headed eastern copperhead found in Woodbridge, Virginia, last year went viral, and the viper breeder Cooper Sallade, who was looking after it, told Wired magazine: “Since the snake had such an incomprehensible amount of media attention, there was a lot of pressure on me to keep that thing alive.”

He ended up gently force-feeding it, because the heads were not well-developed enough to eat independently, but after a few months the snake died.

Because of its poor chances of surviving in the wild, Double Dave is being taken into captivity by the Herpetological Associates. “We’ll take care of it,” said Schneider.

Source: Guardian

Energy Self-Sustainable Microgrids Are the Future of Energetics

Foto: Privatna arhiva

Professor Zeljko Djurisic lectures at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Belgrade. According to anonymous claims on the portal “Rate Professor”, there were students who would only come to the faculty because of his lecturers. Regardless of whether these statements were given by nerds who once racked up As or laggers who preferred sipping coffee at a nearby café in relation to lectures, the compliment does not lose significance and testifies to Djurisic’s pedagogical skills and receptivity.

Photo: Private archive

In an interview we conducted recently, Professor Djurisic showed that extensive professional knowledge, turned into numerous books and research paper can adapt to non-specialists as we are. He revealed to us where the exhaustion of coal reserves and the lack of a strategy for decarbonisation of electricity production could lead Serbia and also why engineers prefer to opt for employment in private companies rather than in the public company “Elektroprivreda Srbije”.

EP: Which course of the master studies is the most sought-after, and which one do you consider the most promising in the current labour market conditions?

Zeljko Djurisic: The labour market influences students when choosing a course at the undergraduate level to a large extent. It was particularly felt when the infrastructure of mobile networks in Serbia was built, and then telecommunications were the most popular. The development of renewable energy sources then brought the popularity of energy, and digitization now brings popularity to computer technology.

The labour market does not have a decisive influence on the choice of course on master studies. Engineers are already formed as well as their affinities toward some of the expert areas they acquired during undergraduate studies which determine their choice of study module. On the module of the Electrical Grids and Systems, where I am engaged, there are three courses of master studies: Grids and Systems, Facilities and Equipment and Renewable Energy Sources. Last two to three years, the students’ interest in all three directions is approximately equal. I believe that this is good for the labour market because the projects in the energy sector are complex and cannot be tied exclusively to one segment of the profession.

EP: One of the subjects taught at the PhD studies is the integration of renewable energy sources into the distribution system. What are the optimal parameters which the grid needs to fulfil so that renewable energy sources can be connected to it?

Photo: Stefan Milenkovic

Zeljko Djurisic: Technical conditions for the connection of renewable resources are mainly defined by the regulations. In our country, those are the Regulations on the operation of the distribution and transmission system. These regulations define measurable criteria that must be met so that a power plant can be connected to a distribution or transmission system. However, the problem of the massive integration of renewable sources is not related to the connection point. It represents a systemic challenge. The main limitation of the connection of renewable sources is to ensure the flexibility of the system. It is necessary so that intermittent energy sources, such as solar and wind, could be integrated into the power grid. Flexibility is the ability of the system to provide, in all real connections of generation and consumption, satisfying technical performances of the system: voltage constraints, power flows, safety principles…

EP: What is the general state of our grid? What are the losses of the active power which incurred in the transmission of electricity?

Zeljko Djurisic: The Serbian Electric Power System did not follow world trends, especially in terms of the development of the distribution network. Technical power losses in the distribution network are significantly higher than in the European electricity system and range up to 10 per cent, which indicates the underdevelopment of the network. “Elektroprivreda Srbije” must make an effort to change the existing situation and make the system more flexible. It includes strengthening of critical transmission lines, automation of distribution facilities and installation of advanced relay protection systems, switchgear and measuring equipment. Unfortunately, Elektroprivreda Srbije is an inert system that does not show visible signs for the improvement of the system. Today, there are no jobs in Elektroprivreda Srbije on which young engineers could affirm their knowledge of modern energy. Therefore, they are looking for jobs in private companies rather than in the power utility. That has to change if we want to create an electric distribution system that will keep pace with world trends.

The transmission network is much more developed, and the losses are on the average level of European operators’ networks. Several projects which are in the implementation phase will significantly improve the transmission system. First of all, it is a Trans-Balkan corridor that will represent the main power exchange between eastern and western Europe. The strong interconnection is crucial for the increase of the conditions for the construction of renewable energy sources in our region. Of course, there is still plenty of room for the improvement of the transmission grid, both through the construction of new transmission lines, especially in the regions with good wind sources, and trough the construction of advanced systems for grid monitoring and real-time management. It can provide better capacity utilization and more reliable work in extreme meteorological and other complex conditions.

An essential aspect of improving flexibility is the cooperation between transmission and distribution network operators. It is crucial for the development of auxiliary service market in the new environment in which there is no clear boundary between the producers and the consumers of electricity.

Photo: Jan Valo

EP How is the power plant which uses renewable energy sources connected to the grid? Are the costs borne by the investor or the Elektroprivreda Srbije and what does that depend on?

Zeljko Djurisic: When it comes to connecting to the distribution grid in a technical sense, small power plants can be divided into those that connect via energy converters and those that are connected directly. The first group includes photovoltaic power plants and modern wind power plants, while biomass power plants and small hydropower plants mainly use synchronous and rarely asynchronous generators that are directly connected to the grid. Technical conditions, which power plants must meet to be connected to a certain point in the power system, are defined for both categories. Often, preferred connection point does not meet the Regulations on the operation of the distribution, and Elektroprivreda requires a connection at remote locations, which further requires the construction of transmission lines, and that represents significant costs for the investor, and it also has a negative effect on the environment. In Europe, it is harder to get a license to build a transmission line than to build a power plant. If it is necessary to build 20 km of transmission in order to connect a power plant of several megawatts, it is not just an issue of the economy. At the Faculty, we have done a lot of research into the effects of the connection of renewable sources and conducted analyses. These research showed that the conditions of connecting could be improved with the use of modern power electronic devices which contribute that both the electric distribution and the investor have benefit from the operation of a small power plant. In this regard, I believe that there is room for the improvement of the existing Regulations and Operation Management of Distribution Networks. Conditions and alternative solutions for the connection must take wider aspects of the plant’s impact on the distribution system. For example, the existing Regulation did not take into consideration the impact which connection of a small power plant has on electricity losses in the distribution system. It is precisely this factor that should define the choice of connection point and also the split of costs between the investor and Elektroprivreda.

EP: Which renewable energy source in Serbia has the most significant potential, and which is the most cost-effective when it comes to the return of the investment?

Zeljko Djurisic: When it comes to the production of electricity, I would place the potential of wind and sun in the first place. In terms of the wind potential, Serbia is on the average level of the European Union and the sun potential is even above the European average. Biomass and geothermal energy have good potential in certain areas, and their most efficient use is the production of heat energy. The production of heat from renewable sources is highly suppressed, and it must be a priority in future strategies for the development of renewable energy sources in Serbia.

The investment repayment rate depends on subsidy, which the state should define only for the upcoming period. The current model of the feed-in tariff is overdated, but it played a role in developing renewable energy technology. Today, the technologies of wind turbines and photovoltaic systems are developed. New subsidy measures are expected to be largely market-oriented. In the free electricity market, the return on the investment is defined by the costs of the production. The investment costs have fallen both for wind farms and solar systems. Thus, the costs of wind power generation at favourable locations in Serbia can be below 50 euros/MWh, while for photovoltaic power plants is somewhat higher. However, it should be kept in mind that the price in the electricity market is significantly variable during the day, thus the profit which power plant gains is influenced by the daily production diagram dictated by wind and sun. It is not the same whether a power plant produces energy in the early morning hours or in the afternoon, so in the future, the systems for energy storage will be developed, and they will provide better economy for wind and solar power plants in the free market conditions.

Prepered by: Jelena Kozbasic

Read the whole interview in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine on ENERGY EFFICIENCY.

 

 

Wildlife Selfies Harming Animals, Experts Warn

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Pascal van de Vendel)

At the International Penguin Conference in New Zealand, the experts were worried. Among sobering discussions about the perils of the climate crisis and habitat loss, the unlikely issue of wildlife selfies photobombed the agenda, with increasing concern that the celebrity-fuelled search for that perfect shot is affecting animal behaviour.

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Pascal van de Vendel)

Professor Philip Seddon, the director of Otago University’s wildlife management programme, said: ‘We’re losing respect for wildlife, we don’t understand the wild at all.”

Seddon told the global convention – held in Dunedin last week – that the normalisation of wildlife selfies was “scary” and was harming animals, including causing physical and emotional stress, interrupting feeding and breeding habits, and even potentially lowering birth rates.

“The trouble with wildlife selfies is the images are often appearing without any context – so even if the message is promoting conservation or an ambassador programme, that message is lost and all people see are someone hugging a penguin, and want to do that too,” says Seddon.

“We have an increasingly urbanised population around the world who are alienated from the natural world and whose access to wildlife is commodified and sanitised and made safe. So we’re seeing these very strange behaviours that seem weird to us as biologists – such as posing your child on a wild animal.”

Seddon takes his concerns so seriously he has forbidden his students from posting images of themselves on their social media accounts while studying and working with local wildlife, fearful that the photographs will be taken out on context and contribute to the rise of wildlife selfies online.

The International Penguin Conference itself turned down a lucrative sponsorship deal with a Dubai company recently because of concerns about its use of wildlife selfies in promotional material.

Platforms such as Instagram host hundreds of thousands of wildlife selfies. Researchers at World Animal Protection analysing wildlife selfies for a 2017 report discovered a 292% increase in the number of wildlife selfies posted on Instagram between 2014 and 2017, with 40% of the images posted described as “bad selfies” – meaning someone hugging, holding or inappropriately interacting with a wild animal.

A “good” wildlife selfie was described as a picture where there is no contact between an animal and a human, and the animal is not being restrained or held in captivity to be a used as a photo prop.

Celebrities have also contributed to the popularity of wildlife selfies, with Roger Federer and Margo Robbie posing with quokkas in Australia, Justin Beiber with a tiger, Kim Kardashian with an elephant and Taylor Swift with a kangaroo.

In New Zealand, tourists have been caught dancing with endangered sea lions for selfies, chasing rare yellow-eyed penguins, and trying to hug the shy and reclusive Kiwi bird.

Philippa Agnew, science and environmental manager at the Blue Penguin colony in Oamaru, on the east coast of New Zealand’s South Island, says wildlife selfies have an “indisputable” impact on the penguins and all electronic recordings by tourists are banned.

Read more: Guardian

Resalta Enters Polish Market Through Joint Venture with Luneos

Photo-illustration: PIxabay

Resalta is pleased to announce the launch of its new joint venture with the Polish energy transition service provider Luneos. Through the new venture, Resalta enters the next stage of its international expansion and begins operations in Poland.

Photo-illustration: PIxabay

The joint venture will combine the two companies’ strengths, with the aim of implementing an ambitious project pipeline in Poland, with a strong focus on combined heat and power in the industrial segment. Resalta’s technical expertise and prior experience on such projects, combined with Luneos’ knowledge of the Polish market will allow both companies to expand their respective businesses and offer their clients a broader portfolio of services and solutions.

“Resalta is happy to have found a strong partner for the next step of its international expansion, with shared values, ambitions and strong expertise. Poland is among the largest markets in Europe and we believe its potential for energy efficiency and the development of renewable energy sources is immense. We look forward to facing this challenge together with Luneos”, Luka Komazec, CEO of Resalta, said.

“We are extremely glad to team up with an expert partner who brings in significant experience and valuable expertise into the venture. Observing current changes in the energy market We understand the great challenge polish companies are facing. The search for modern, future-oriented, and own Energy sources is a natural direction of development. We believe the joint venture with Resalta creates a very good position for Luneos to offer suitable solutions to our clients,” added Zbigniew Prokopowicz, CEO of Luneos.

Luneos is a leading energy transition partner on Polish market offering a comprehensive service in preparation, financing, implementing and servicing investments in the area of LED lighting and photovoltaic installations. They invest in the energy independence of large and medium enterprises, providing energy optimization tools without investment contribution on the client’s side. Their combined activities aim at reducing energy costs and the cost of CO2 emissions, with a systematic drive to achieve energy independence.

For Resalta, this joint venture marks its entry onto the Polish market, the 9th country in which the company will be operating. Resalta is a leading energy efficiency and renewables company already present across SEE in Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia. A dynamic, fast-growing company, Resalta works with both public and private clients to finance, design and implement projects that reduce energy consumption, lower CO2 emissions and promote sustainability while generating cost savings. So far, the company has realized over 180 energy projects for over 120 clients and continues to expand its product and service portfolio.

Source: Resalta

Africa Shouldn’t Have to Choose Between High Growth and Low Emissions

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

The urgency to mitigate climate change around the world is growing, with an increasing focus on lowering CO2 emissions. Nowhere is this more critical than in Africa, which has one of the world’s fastest growing populations, high levels of poverty, inequality and is disproportionately impacted by climate events including cyclones and drought. The continent is home to 86 of the world’s 100 fastest growing cities, 79 (representing 48% of Africa’s GDP) of which are classified as being at “extreme risk” of climate change.

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Ninno JackJr)

Given the strong correlation between energy usage and economic growth, this set of circumstances poses a challenge for African governments, businesses and communities: How can energy access and usage be accelerated to support economic growth, without increasing CO2 emissions and increasing the climate risks already facing the region?

While there are many other factors that contribute to economic growth and the living standards of individual citizens, the impact of electricity access cannot be understated. Energy and electricity are used to power industries from agriculture to financial services, enabling them to grow and employ more people. In the home, electricity reduces the amount of time and effort needed for everyday household tasks, empowering more people (particularly women) to take up employment outside the home, increasing household income and improving living standards. For these reasons and many more, improving electricity access must be a priority across Africa.

Yet, compared to the rest of the world, Africa has a significantly lower rate of access to electricity, with as many as 600 million people excluded across the continent. Sub-Saharan Africa has an average electricity access rate of just 38.5%, falling to 20.2% in rural areas. Even in urban areas, more than one in four people do not have access to electricity. This compares to rates of 100% in most developed parts of the world (including the EU and China) and over 85% in emerging economies in India and East Asia.

Sub-Saharan Africa also lags behind the rest of the world in terms of electricity consumption per capita and electric power distribution and transmission efficiency. Worryingly, it is one of the only regions for which electric power consumption per capita decreased from 1990 to 2010 (the latest year with a consistent global dataset). This is in stark contrast to other emerging economies – China’s consumption grew by 476%, the Arab world’s by 115%, East Asia & Pacific’s by 181% and India’s by 135%. This suggests economic stagnation and a prolonged under-investment in electricity generation, transmission and distribution across sub-Saharan Africa at a time when its population has grown.

The condition and efficiency of the continent’s grid infrastructure needs attention if electricity access is to improve. Sub-Saharan Africa’s rate of electric power transmission and distribution losses are better than those in India and the Arab world, but still more than double those seen in the EU, East Asia & Pacific and China. Losses as a percentage of output in the region have increased by over a third since 1990, demonstrating a lack of grid maintenance and investment, which will continue to hinder electricity access and the associated economic growth.

Africa needs power, but at what climate change cost?

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Renewables no longer a luxury

Historically, the high costs of utility-scale electricity generation from renewable and other low-emission sources meant that high government subsidies, industrial incentive programs and high levels of citizen engagement were needed to lower emissions without constraining economic growth. For many African governments, these were considered an unaffordable luxury.

Over the last five to 10 years, however, the cost of installing and operating renewable energy generation facilities at scale (particularly photovoltaic solar and onshore wind) has reduced dramatically. They now offer a competitive, or in some cases cheaper, alternative to traditional fossil fuel power plants.

Africa is a prime location for renewable energy developments due to its high levels of InSolAtion (Incoming Solar Radiation) and available land space for both solar and wind power. In addition, the modular, scalable and easily replicable nature of solar and wind power generation technologies means that where sufficient grid connections and storage infrastructure exist, these facilities can be rapidly planned, built and connected over much shorter time frames than their fossil fuel and nuclear counterparts; large nuclear or coal fired power plants can take over a decade to plan and build, whereas solar farms could be completed in less than two years. Of course, larger numbers of these installations are required, but this could also be used as an advantage, spreading generation facilities across a country instead of concentrating activity in a small number of strategic locations.

Historically, renewables needed to be subsidized by governments to be commercially competitive, but in recent years the Levelized Cost Of Electricity (LCOE) of utility-scale renewable solar and wind energy has fallen significantly, to the extent that both are now cheaper than almost all new-build fossil fuel power plants.

Policies for low emissions

For the wide-scale implementation of low-emissions power generation and reliable distribution to the 600 million people still without access to power in Africa, African governments, businesses and communities must work together to put appropriate policy frameworks and investment programs in place.

Firstly, government commitments to climate change and emissions targets must be supported by stable, or at least predictable, regulatory frameworks that incentivize and lower the barriers to renewable energy project development.

There is also reduced potential for African countries with fiscal constraints or high levels of debt to channel public money towards renewables and energy efficiency R&D, as has been done in wealthier parts of the world. African countries need to attract public-private partnerships, FDI or “mission programme” funding to develop renewable projects without adversely impacting public finances.

Power investment in the region has been hindered by persistent financing risks (often relating to political risk and the financial strain on national utilities operators), challenging project development and insufficient or unstable regulatory frameworks. These factors emphasize the need for governments to work to centrally coordinate energy planning and investment requirements, putting in place the required incentives and fiscal safeguards to encourage private sector investment and international involvement in renewable energy power generation and distribution.
An uphill battle

Nowhere in the world is balancing the energy triangle of security and access, environmental sustainability and economic development more pressing than in Africa, which continues to face an uphill battle to develop its vast natural resources in a way that will benefit its citizens and the environment for the long term. As the vulnerability of the region’s fragile economy and fast-growing cities to climate change becomes better understood and more widely publicized, there can be no doubt that encouraging economic growth while minimizing the growth of CO2 emissions is a dilemma that the continent must solve.

With the increasing affordability and technological feasibility of renewable electricity, it is possible to build a grid system which provides sustainable electricity to Africa’s growing population. Given the limited ability for citizens to absorb tax increases to fund such projects, the onus has to be on governments to:

  • Create an attractive environment for investment in the power sector by foreign businesses and governments, including creating policy certainty and economic stability.
  • Work with international finance agencies to help guarantee critical investments in the power sector to further encourage foreign and private sector investment.
  • Where required, update energy generation, transmission and distribution policies to support independent power producers (for renewables), micro-grids and prosumers (consumers who also produce) to increase electricity access across the country.
  • Reduce and eventually eliminate fossil fuel subsidies in support of lower cost new-build renewable power generation facilities.

The scale and scope of these actions begins to show the vast commitment required from African governments and their cooperation with international investors, foreign governments, NGOs, research institutes, businesses and communities to successfully solve this dilemma and transition Africa towards a low-emission, well developed economy that is supported by an inclusive, sustainable, affordable and secure energy system.

Source: WEF

This Is Why Denmark, Sweden and Germany Are Considering a Meat Tax

Photo-illustration: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Carnivores are in the firing line, with nations including Germany, Denmark and Sweden considering a tax on meat.

Advocates of such a plan say the environmental impact, health ramifications and concerns about animal welfare underpin the need for such a levy. But how realistic is it? And would it really work?

While the idea is likely to face opposition from farming bodies and industry lobby groups, in Germany Green and Social Democrat lawmakers are backing a higher sales tax on meat. Officials in Denmark and Sweden have considered similar proposals, according to a report from financial intelligence firm Fitch Solutions.

High emissions

Raising animals for food requires huge amounts of land, food and water. Added to that, the livestock sector plays a significant role in emitting greenhouse gases, producing 7.1 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). That’s around 15% of all human-induced emissions.

While meat consumption is falling in some developed nations, it is rising elsewhere, including in China, according to research published in Science. When you add to that the FAO’s prediction that overall global demand for livestock is set to increase by 70% by 2050, you can see why some politicians back policies to limit it.

There’s a growing move away from meat in many developed countries. A recent report commissioned by the United Nations advocates plant-based diets to help mitigate climate change, including a policy recommendation to reduce meat consumption.

A tax on meat would echo other levies imposed around the world to promote public health and well-being. In addition to long-standing charges on alcohol and tobacco, sugar taxes are now in place in many countries including the UK, Ireland, Portugal and the UAE.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Really effective?

Even so, such measures can be controversial, with some arguing they fall disproportionately on low-income consumers. British Prime Minister Boris Johnson is planning a review of how “sin taxes” work in the UK.

Others argue that better-designed policies could make these taxes work more effectively and alleviate the impact on the low-income population. A working paper from the US National Bureau of Economic Research explores how this could function in practice through the theoretical framework of a soda tax.

A study in Science contends more evidence is needed about the effectiveness of trying to influence people’s food purchasing and consumption.

“The multitude of factors that influence the price and availability of meat, and how it is processed and marketed, determine a socioeconomic landscape that profoundly affects, and is affected by, norms and behaviors,” the authors wrote.

“The existence of major vested interests and centres of power makes the political economy of diet change highly challenging.”

Source: WEF

Turning Europe into a Giant Wind Farm Could Power the Entire World

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Photo-illustration: Pixabay

On windy days, Europe’s growing number of wind farms can run entire nations on clean energy. But what if there were turbines in every potential location? Scientists have calculated that in such a scenario – however unlikely – Europe could generate enough onshore wind power to satisfy the entire world’s needs.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Mapping the wind

Researchers at the University of Sussex in the UK and Aarhus University in Denmark have developed techniques to map the total potential of onshore wind energy across the European continent. The research suggests that Europe could produce 100 times more energy than it currently does from onshore wind farms.

The map below shows that countries in Eastern Europe offer the greatest potential for generating additional onshore wind energy, with Norway and Iceland also presenting the opportunity to maximize renewable energy production.

The research team used digital wind atlases to provide finely detailed information on wind patterns across Europe. Armed with this data they identified that 46% of the European landmass would be suitable for the installation of wind turbines, and that’s after excluding urban areas, military sites and other landscapes unsuitable for reaping the wind.

The study estimates that more than 11 million additional wind turbines could, theoretically, be installed over almost 5 million square kilometres of suitable terrain.

The report concludes that if this potential was fully exploited, Europe could provide the whole planet with all the energy it will require as far into the future as 2050.

However, we should note the use of the word ‘theoretically’. The research team is quick to point out that this is not a proposal, but an indication of the untapped power of onshore wind capacity.

“Obviously, we are not saying that we should install turbines in all the identified sites but the study does show the huge wind power potential right across Europe which needs to be harnessed if we’re to avert a climate catastrophe,” said co-author Benjamin Sovacool, Professor of Energy Policy at the University of Sussex.

The decline of coal

For two weeks in the early summer of 2019, the UK ran entirely on energy produced without burning coal. On those sunny, breezy days in May, the output from renewable sources allowed the UK National Grid to shut down its coal-fired power stations and pump wind and solar energy into the homes and businesses of consumers.

The UK’s reliance on coal has declined dramatically and its government has announced plans to shut down all of its remaining coal-fired power stations by 2025.

A global shift to renewables

China and India are installing renewable energy capacity on a vast scale.

China aims to increase renewable generating capacity by 38% in 2020 (compared to 2015 levels) with a total investment of $361bn, according to UN data. In recent years India has exceeded its targets for installing renewable capacity. In 2016 it overshot its target by 43%.

Looking ahead, India is planning to install 175 gigawatts of capacity in 2022, according to the UN. China is cancelling plans for new coal-fired power stations and India is expected to follow suit by 2022.

Winning a battle, losing the war

Despite the shift towards clean energy production, greenhouse gas emissions that drive climate change continue to increase.

Global coal power generation increased 3% in 2018, with growth mainly in Asia, particularly in China and India.

The UN’s Emissions Gap Report 2018 shows there is no sign of a peak in the amount of carbon being released into the atmosphere.

The report shows that in 2017 emissions from energy and industry went up after three years of stability. Climate scientists have warned we have just over a decade to keep the global rise in temperatures below 1.5 degrees Celsius. But to achieve that, greenhouse gas emissions will have to be 25% lower by 2030 than they were in 2017. As we head towards 2020, we are still moving in the wrong direction.

Source: WEF

Great Barrier Reef Outlook Now ‘Very Poor’, Australian Government Review Says

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Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Marek Okon)

The outlook for the Great Barrier Reef has deteriorated from poor to very poor according to an exhaustive government report that warns the window of opportunity to improve the natural wonder’s future “is now”.

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Marek Okon)

The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority’s outlook report, published every five years, finds coral reefs have declined to a very poor condition and there is widespread habitat loss and degradation affecting fish, turtles and seabirds.

It warns the plight of the reef will not improve unless there is urgent national and global action to address the climate crisis, which it described as its greatest threat.

The report says rising sea temperatures and extreme events linked to climate change, such as the marine heatwaves that caused mass coral bleaching in the northern two-thirds of the reef in 2016 and 2017, are the most immediate risks.

Other major threats include farming pollution, coastal development and human use, such as illegal fishing. The report says water quality is improving too slowly and continues to affect many inshore areas, largely due to farming practices that had not improved rapidly enough.

“Without additional local, national and global action on the greatest threats, the overall outlook for the Great Barrier Reef’s ecosystem will remain very poor, with continuing consequences for its heritage values also,” the report says.

“The window of opportunity to improve the reef’s long-term future is now.”

The authority’s chief executive, Josh Thomas, said the reef was widely recognised as one of the best managed marine protected areas in the world and its world heritage values remained intact, but it was at a critical point in its history.

“While the reef is already experiencing the impacts of climate change, its future is one we can change – and are committed to changing,” he said.

The report maps the health of the reef, which it says has declined from what was described as a crossroads in 2009 to “under pressure” in 2014 to being a “changed and less resilient reef” in 2019.

It says not all areas of the reef have been equally affected and the challenge to restore the reef is big, but not insurmountable. It would require action to effectively address the climate crisis and effective implementation of the government’s 2050 reef plan.

The environment minister, Sussan Ley, said the reef had been hit over the past five years by two mass coral bleachings, several cyclones, an ongoing crown-of-thorns starfish outbreak and the impacts of climate change. She said the “very poor” outlook was something “we can change and are committed to changing”.

Other key findings of the report include that: seagrass meadows are in poor condition; some species populations are being substantially affected by habitat loss and degradation; the size of the reef is becoming a less effective buffer to widespread and cumulative impacts; reef-dependent economies need to prepare for the impacts of a less diverse ecosystem caused by rising ocean temperatures.

Read more: Guardian

Global Heating Brings Mediterranean Butterfly to the UK

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Photo-illustration: Pixabay

A fast-flying migratory butterfly from the Mediterranean is appearing in large numbers across southern England this summer as a result of global heating, experts say.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

More than 50 long-tailed blues and hundreds of the butterfly’s eggs have been discovered in recent weeks, which is likely to result in an unprecedented emergence of the butterfly in Britain later this autumn.

Experts believe record-breaking summer temperatures have led to the brightly coloured insect booming in number, with longer-term global heating helping it shift far north of its historical range.

“We’ve never recorded this many migrant adults before – it’s completely unprecedented,” said Neil Hulme of Butterfly Conservation, an expert on the long-tailed blue. “In only a few days, I’ve found more than 100 eggs in Sussex alone and the butterfly has been seen in Cornwall, Somerset, Devon, Dorset, Hampshire, Kent and Suffolk. We’ve even had a sighting in Glamorgan, in south Wales.”

The long-tailed blue is abundant in Africa and southern Europe but was once an extremely rare visitor to Britain – possibly brought in accidentally on imported plants and vegetables. Only 30 butterflies were recorded over 80 years after it was first spotted in Britain in 1859.

But this is the third time in six years that large numbers have crossed the Channel to reach the south coast, with a record 109 sightings in 2013.

The long-tailed blue may be small but it is a powerful flyer and lays eggs on plants such as everlasting pea, which are common in gardens and allotments. The eggs laid by migratory butterflies will hatch adult butterflies at the end of September or in October, but British winters are too cold for the butterfly to survive.

Hulme added: “In hot weather it can go through its entire lifecycle in just over a month, which is half the period taken by many species. The caterpillar grows up inside the flowers and pods of peas and similar plants, hidden away from predators. It has the full toolkit for world domination.”

This is proving to be a vintage year for migratory insects, with the largest invasion of painted lady butterflies since 2009 and other rarer migrant species such as the bedstraw hawk-moth and the Queen of Spain fritillary also being recorded.

Dan Hoare, of Butterfly Conservation, said the long-tailed blue sightings confirmed the butterfly was extending its geographical range northwards in response to global heating.

“Our rapidly changing climate brings positives for some expanding species, while others may find it much harder to adapt and keep pace with the changes,” he said. “Butterflies, moths and other insects respond quickly to environmental change, providing an indicator of the impacts of a warming climate on the natural world.”

Source: Guardian

From Bio Waste to SCOBY Packaging

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

If you’ve ever made kombucha, you’re familiar with the process of using a culture of bacteria and yeast to ferment tea. That culture is called a “scoby” and the process has inspired designer Roza Janusz to look at the ways that natural bio-waste can be used to replace traditional packaging materials such as plastic and leather.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

MakeGrowLab’s SCOBY Packaging is home-compostable, has a shelf life of 2 years, an oxygen barrier and a microbial barrier, is insoluble in water and impermeable to water, and is 100% free from plastic and microplastic, not to mention being edible!  From bags to bowls, the material can be used for all kinds of packaging and wrapping that might normally be done with plastic.

The SCOBY project began with the early work of Polish designer and MakeGrowLab co-founder Roza Janusz. With her work, she wanted to answer the question: “What if we could grow materials instead of making them and at the end of their cycle, use it as fertilizer which would then be used to continue the cycle of a biological production system?” Roza experimented with agricultural waste, using the kombucha process to grow the SCOBY material. In order to refine the end-product of the SCOBY, which wasn’t quite ready to be used as packaging and textile, Roza teamed up with Josh Brito to form the MakeGrowLab.

Josh and Roza are currently in the middle of patenting the SCOBY Packaging material and process, with plans to move to a new facility by the end of the year. “Here we are currently conducting several tests to make sure we can deliver the best material to the world,” Josh told CleanTechnica in an email. “Without a large production facility, this material can be more expensive than plastic. For this reason and the high demand, we will be opening up a facility at the end of the year.” We’ll just have to be patient a little bit longer before we can give SCOBY a try.

Cost is one of the main obstacles for most startups and companies seeking to disrupt the stronghold of traditional plastic. Generally, biodegradable plastics cost more to make than PET plastic, and it will take a while for the demand to be high enough to make them competitive. Finding an affordable and effective biodegradable plastic to take on the status quo is an important part of the solution to the planet’s plastic litter problems.

Source: Clean Technica

When I Say Window, I Mean VELUX

Foto: Velux
Foto: VELUX

Nice weather is coming when we usually renovate spaces where we live, work, and spend pleasant moments with friends and family. Then we change windows, doors, blinds, we paint or replace the façade. When asked who to contact for professional help in the renovation, the first answer and friends’ recommendation is usually VELUX. And everyone agrees that there are no better ones in this field. However, few of us know the details that determine this company and provide her with the label “the best in the business”.

Just because I like to know what is embedded in the environment I dwell, I addressed top experts – representatives of VELUX Serbia. I asked them questions that I know for sure will be interesting for their new customers and clients.

I was pleased to receive a lot of important information, perhaps even more than I could imagine, from Mina Markovic from the Marketing and Sales Department and Stevan Culibrk from Project Support Department. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication to help me select the product and provide top-notch service and necessary information cannot leave indifferent even the most demanding customers.

EP: The company VELUX Serbia was established in 1997 but it is less known that it is just one of the daughter companies. Can you tell us more about the parent company?

Stevan Culibrk: Although materials were hardly available during the Second World War, the Dane, Villum Kann Rasmussen managed to construct the first VELUX roof window that will turn dark, uninhabited attics into bright and inspirational places across the globe. The first VELUX roof window was mounted in one elementary school in 1942, and in the same year, it was registered as a brand. The idea came from an architect who sought a technical solution that would allow the room below the roof to be functional as a classroom. The name VELUX is a two-word coinage: VE from ventilation and LUX from the Latin word for light, which emphasizes the two basic elements that the roof window brings into space, which are fresh air and natural lighting. The VELUX company’s headquarters is located in Denmark in Horsholm.

For more than 75 years, VELUX has been creating a better living environment in homes around the world. We have production and sales in more than 40 countries with an extensive distribution network. Our products include roof windows as well as a range of decorative elements: outdoor sun protection, interior blinds, installation products and remote-control products.

Foto: VELUX

EP: When we say the roof window, we all think of VELUX. However, this is just one type of windows in your company’s offer.

Stevan Culibrk: Almost everybody name roof windows as VELUX, which makes us extremely proud, and our brand is also the first association for roof windows for pitched roof. However, the VELUX product range applies to all types of inclined roofs from 0° to 90°.

If you want superb comfort, the solution is the VELUX INTEGRA® roof window with the remote control. With the remote control, you can control the window, interior and exterior blinds from anywhere in the house. The built-in rain sensor ensures that the window closes automatically with the first drops of rain. 

VELUX CABRIO® turns your roof window into a balcony in just a few seconds, so you can enjoy the fresh air without leaving home. Opening the lower part automatically raises an integrated fence that provides the necessary security. We also have a roof terrace that is an excellent solution for the roof inclination from 35° to 53°.

The VELUX ACTIVE window provides automatic control of the indoor climate, taking into account three parameters: temperature, humidity and CO2 levels. The system automatically regulates the opening and closing of the roof windows, as well as the interior and exterior blinds providing a healthier indoor climate.

With the VELUX sun tunnel, which can be for flat and pitched roofs, it is possible to get natural light even in the darkest parts of the house. Through a high reflection tube, the light can be transferred from the roof to the ceiling if their distance is up to 6 m. It is deal for small rooms and narrow spaces, such as corridors, bathrooms and rooms without natural light. They are an excellent solution even on cloudy and winter days. The tube is 35 cm in diameter, and it is coated with a super-reflective coating which allows the light transmission to be 98% in the room.

EP: You mentioned there are windows for flat and pitched roofs. Which are sold more and why?

Stevan Culibrk: VELUX is recognizable for the windows for pitched roofs, and they indeed occupy an important place in our sales. But as the trends in the construction industry are oriented to a flat roof, the windows for flat roofs are becoming increasingly important. Here, I would point out that the flat roof windows give three times more light than the facade windows. The façade window, no matter how big, cannot provide the distribution of light to the depth of the room. This problem is very efficiently resolved with VELUX flat roof windows, which in that way, enable a healthy living environment.

Foto: VELUX

EP: Do we only buy windows and accessories, or your team of experts assists in assessing, selecting, installing and servicing?

Stevan Culibrk: In VELUX, special attention is paid to customers. We launched free counselling and consultations on the selection and installation of VELUX windows throughout the territory of Serbia. The team of experts contact the customer, arrange the appropriate appointment and on the spot take a look at the attic, the roof construction, the technical possibilities of installation as well as the needs of each customer. Based on this, we propose appropriate models and dimensions, as well as a recommendation for an authorized dealer and installer. What is also very important is to note that our products, if properly installed, have a warranty of up to 10 years. We have technical support in the field and service beyond the warranty period. There is also support for projects and work with architects, so we have encompassed all client groups with our services.

EP: In the world there is a trend of offering discounts. What benefits do you provide to your customers?

Stevan Culibrk: We had a great spring action in May, we wanted to please all our customers. By purchasing a basic and energy-efficient package, customers received free products. Also, very important are the current actions of our distributors throughout the year. We try to ensure that our authorized dealers always have some benefits, discounts and actions that will help end customers.

Prepared by: Milica Jordan

Read the whole interview in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Weak Systems and Funding Gaps Jeopardize Drinking-Water and Sanitation in the Poorest Countries

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

The World Health Organization (WHO) and UN-Water sounded the alarm for an urgent increase in investment in strong drinking-water and sanitation systems.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

The call came as the international water sector meets in Stockholm for its annual conference during World Water Week (25-30 August 2019). It is triggered by a new report published by WHO on behalf of UN-Water that reveals that weak government systems and a lack of human resources and funds are jeopardizing the delivery of water and sanitation services in the world’s poorest countries – and undermining efforts to ensure health for all.

“Too many people lack access to reliable and safe drinking-water, toilets and hand-washing facilities, putting them at risk of deadly infections and threatening progress in public health,” says Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “Water and sanitation systems don’t just improve health and save lives, they are a critical part of building more stable, secure and prosperous societies. We call on all countries that lack essential water and sanitation infrastructure to allocate funds and human resources to build and maintain it.”

The UN-Water Global Assessment and Analysis of Sanitation and Drinking-Water 2019 (known as the GLAAS report) surveyed 115 countries and territories, representing 4.5 billion people. It showed that, in an overwhelming majority of countries, the implementation of water, sanitation and hygiene policies and plans is constrained by inadequate human and financial resources. Nineteen countries and one territory reported a funding gap of more than 60% between identified needs and available funding. Less than 15% of countries have the financial or human resources needed to implement their plans.

“If we are to create a healthier, more equitable and stable society, then strengthening the systems to reach those currently living without safe and affordable water, sanitation and hygiene services must be a top priority,” says Mr Gilbert F Houngbo, Chair of UN-Water and President of the International Fund for Agricultural Development. “While we need to ensure that there is sufficient funding to tackle these critical challenges, it is equally important to continue reinforcing national delivery systems.”

While funding gaps and weak systems are holding many countries back, the report also found that countries have begun to take positive steps towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 on water and sanitation.

“The Sustainable Development Goals have inspired us to take concrete actions at the national level to increase access to sanitation,” says Mr David Molefha, Principal Water Engineer at the Ministry of Land Management Water and Sanitation Services in Botswana. “We have developed a sanitation roadmap and are working to eliminate open defecation. With these actions, we are working to improve peoples’ lives.”

About half of the countries surveyed have now set drinking-water targets that aim for universal coverage at levels higher than basic services by 2030, for example by addressing water quality and increasing access to water on premises. In addition, specifically targeting open defecation will have a dramatic impact on public and environmental health.

As the international authority on public health and water, sanitation and hygiene, WHO gathers scientific evidence, sets and monitors standards, and promotes best policies and practices for ensuring safe, reliable water, sanitation and hygiene for all people.

Source: WHO

Underground Line to Heat Up London Homes During Winter

Photo-illustration: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Anthony Tyrrell)

The sweltering temperatures on the tube’s Northern line will soon begin keeping homes in Islington, north London, cosy through the colder months, under a scheme to harness the heat from the underground.

By the end of the year the project will pipe heat from the underground into hundreds of homes and businesses that are part of a heating scheme in the borough. The project is one of a growing number of schemes across the UK designed to warm homes using “waste heat” from factories, power plants, rivers and disused mine shafts.

The hunt for alternative sources of renewable heat has gained pace after the government’s pledge to ban gas-fired boilers from new-build homes from 2025.

The Islington heat network already keeps about 700 homes warm by channelling heat created in the Bunhill Energy Centre, which generates electricity, into local council housing, schools and a leisure centre.

The next phase of the project, which is due to be completed in the coming months, will extend the network to a further 450 homes.

The tube project could pave the way for district heating schemes across the capital to warm homes with cheap, low carbon heat from underground lines.

The Greater London Authority (GLA) estimates there is enough heat wasted in London to meet 38% of the city’s heating demands.

Tim Rotheray, director of the Association for Decentralised Energy, said district heating schemes were mushrooming across the UK as a low-cost tool in tackling the climate crisis.

“Almost half the energy used in the UK is for heat, and a third of UK emissions are from heating. With the government declaring that we must be carbon-neutral within 30 years we need to find a way to take the carbon out of our heating system,” he said.

“The opportunity that has become clear to the decentralised energy community is the idea of capturing waste heat and putting it to use locally.”

In urban and industrial settings, waste heat is produced wherever there are cooling systems, thermal power plants or heavy industry. The key to harnessing heat is to use it locally.

British Sugar’s factory in Wissington, Norfolk, pipes excess heat produced from cooking syrup into a neighbouring 18-hectare (45-acre) greenhouse used to grow medical cannabis. It also pumps some of its carbon emissions into the greenhouse for the plants to convert to oxygen.

An even greater source of heat lies below many of Britain’s towns and cities: in the geothermal energy trapped in water at the bottom of old mines. Stoke-on-Trent is working on a £52m project to tap energy from hot water deposits deep underground. This will heat conventional water before it is pumped through the network to customers.

Stoke city council estimates the scheme, which will be operational by the winter of 2020, could cut its carbon emissions by an estimated 12,000 tonnes a year.

Read more: Guardian

Tesla Scouting New Factory Locations in Germany

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

German newspaper Rheinische Post reported on August 25 that representatives from Tesla have been scouting locations for a possible European factory in the state of North Rhine–Westphalia, which is located in western Germany and shares a border with the Netherlands and Belgium. NRW is that nation’s most populous state and home to three of its major cities — Düsseldorf, Köln, and Bonn. An extensive network of roads and railways connect the region to the rest of Europe.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Unnamed officials of NRW say initial inspections have already taken place. Although, precisely where in the state is not known. Representatives of the government and of Tesla have declined to elaborate further on the subject.

Just north of NRW is the state of Lower Saxony, which also shares a border with the Netherlands and is a little bit closer to the Scandinavian countries which — particularly in Norway — have embraced the transition to electric cars.

The newspaper also quotes Bernd Althusmann, economics minister for Lower Saxony, as saying Tesla has expressed an interest in his state as well, particularly the port city of Emden and the area known as Emsland. More than a year ago, Elon Musk tweeted the Germany was a strong contender for Tesla’s first European factory.

With Gigafactory 3 in Shanghai on pace to begin building cars before the end of this year, it makes sense for Tesla to turn its attention to Europe. Several European cities, provinces, and countries have been vying for Musk’s attention for years, including Spain, France, Sweden, Poland, Belgium, and more. The cost of shipping cars from California to European destinations must be quite high, and not all of that cost can be passed on to consumers.

Europe is also experiencing a surge in new battery factory construction. Tesla is planning to utilize battery cells made by LG Chem in Nanjing for its Chinese vehicles, so it is logical to assume it would consider using cells made by an outside supplier for any European-built cars.

It will be interesting to find out where Tesla ultimately decides to build its first European factory and why. But no matter the location, the company is clearly not worried about finding enough customers for its cars. Lack of demand? Forgetaboutit!

Source: Clean Technica