Russia Open for Talks on Gas Price Discount for Turkey – Energy Minister

10.08.2016

Russia is willing to discuss a lower price for natural gas deliveries to Turkey, the Russian energy minister said Tuesday after President Vladimir Putin met with his Turkish counterpart in St. Petersburg.

At the end of 2015, Russian gas accounted for about 50 percent of Turkey’s total gas imports. In March, Turkish gas importer Enerco Enerji said that Russia’s energy giant Gazprom had canceled a 10.25-percent price discount. Gazprom said the dispute was settled in April.

“If the Turkish side raises this question, we will discuss and analyze the situation, monitor it and hold negotiations,” Alexander Novak told Russia’s Rossiya 24 TV channel.

Source: sputniknews.com

SolarCity And ComEd Discover Shared Vision For Utilities’ Future

10.08.2016

ComEd doesn’t deliver any solar energy to its Chicago-area customers, and California-based SolarCity doesn’t do business in Illinois, but from distant reaches of the country, and from opposite ends of the power grid, the two companies have come to much the same conclusion about the future of utilities.

Their respective CEOs, Anne Pramaggiore for ComEd and Lyndon Rive for SolarCity, urged legislators from all 50 states Monday to write laws that would help utilities shift from energy-delivery pipelines to energy-sharing platforms.

“We’re initiating our delivery system’s shift from today’s pipeline architecture—moving central-station power across wires to customers at the other end—to a platform architecture, which is the business architecture of the 21st Century,” Pramaggiore said at the National Conference of State Legislatures’ Legislative Summit in Chicago.

A platform architecture would allow utilities to use their infrastructure, which connects to almost everyone, to create a market that customers could access to buy and sell energy and energy services (like storage). In such a model, which she called “the ultimate Uber,” utilities would be compensated with fees on transactions and charges for services they provide.

“Right now the way we’re compensated—the way we manage our business and price our product—is based on volume pricing of kilowatt-hour sales. And that really has to change because it’s clear that our customers want to use less kilowatt hours, and not all the kilowatt hours will be moving through our system in the same way that they have in the past.”

It’s unusual, Rive said, for utilities to accept change so readily.

“Oftentimes when you add a disruptive technology to an old legacy infrastructure, the incumbents will do everything they can to slow the adoption,” said Rive, who heads the nation’s largest installer of residential solar systems. “Now, Anne Pramaggiore seems to realize that they need to change. It’s rare to see a utility executive speak as she has, embracing the new infrastructure.”

Rive urged legislators to create a revenue model that gives utilities an incentive to embrace distributed generation. Right now, some regulations forbid utilities from earning anything when they buy and resell energy generated by consumers, he said. In other words, if a utility pays a customer $10 for homegrown energy, the utility must sell that energy to another customer for $10.

“We’re a big advocate to allow utilities to start making money off of someone else’s infrastructure,” he said.

Then utilities would be more willing to serve as a platform for consumers who want to generate and store energy and share it with their neighbors, Rive said. Rive also issued a warning to legislators. Distributed generation is coming, he said, because people want it and it’s the right thing to do. If regulators don’t change the current infrastructure to accommodate it, a new infrastructure will develop parallel to the old one.

“If that continues, you’re going to end up with stranded assets.”

And the outcome, according to both CEOs, is up to the states.

“State policy has never been more important,” Pramaggiore said. Renewables policy is set at the state level. Energy prices, important to the competitive success of different energy sources, are set at the state level. Carbon pricing, seemingly gridlocked at the federal level, seems to be shifting to the state level. And the business model of the future utility will be determined by the states.

“States have within their purview the ability to respond to the major issues of our industry over the next 20 to 30 years,” Pramaggiore told legislators. “So you really have the ability to shape this.”

Source: forbes.com

IEA data shows global energy production and consumption continue to rise

09.08.2016

Reflecting the IEA’s increasingly global perspective, for the first time the Agency’s OECD and non-OECD Energy Balances and Statistics reports have been merged into two comprehensive global reports on energy data. World energy Balances and World Energy Statistics will contain detailed data on over 150 countries and regions and will be released in full at the end of August 2016.

These reports show that world energy production reached 13 800 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) in 2014, up 1.5% from 2013. Fossil fuels accounted for 81% of this production – 0.4% lower than in 2013 – in spite of rising oil (+2.1%), coal (+0.8%) and natural gas production (+0.6%), as production of renewables grew even faster. For example Hydro production was up 2.5% and accounted for 2.4% of global production while wind and solar PV continued their fast growth (+11% and +35% respectively), and accounted for around 1% of global energy production. Among non-fossil sources, biofuels and waste accounted for 10.2% of world energy production in 2014 and nuclear slightly increased its share to 4.7%.

While restricted to primary fossil fuels, preliminary 2015 global country level production data show a clear slowdown in the growth of fossil fuel production, only 0.5% higher than in 2014. While crude oil and natural gas production increased at a higher rate than in 2014 (+3.0% and +1.6% respectively), a 3.1% fall in coal production over the same period resulted in an overall slowdown in growth.

The reports also highlight the significant changes in regional energy demand that have taken place over the past 40 years. In 1971 OECD (including Japan and Korea) and the rest of Asia (including China) together accounted for almost three quarters of energy usage, with OECD demand four times greater than that of Asia. Yet while the combined energy share of these regions remained at around three quarters of the global total in 2014, the proportions changed drastically; OECD and Asia became broadly comparable, at 38% and 35% respectively.

This drop in the OECD’s share of global total primary energy supply – or TPES, a measure of total energy use both in transformation and final use – from 61% in 1971 to 38% in 2014 reflects the fact that since 1971, annual average growth in TPES in Asia was above 5% for all fuels except biomass – significantly above the average global increase.

This increase in demand for energy in Asia has been driven by consumers, with final consumption in the region increasing five-fold over four decades. Coal remains the most consumed fuel, with approximately the same share in 1971 and 2014 (29% and 28% respectively). However the rest of the mix is seeing rapid change. The share of oil in total final consumption almost doubled (from 15% to 28%), while electricity rose from 3% to 19%. Following a seven-fold increase, industry was by far the greatest energy consuming sector in Asia in 2014, representing 42% of the region’s total final consumption, largely fueled by coal. The residential sector followed industry in energy use, having seen a 120% increase between 1971 and 2014. Traditional biomass was still the main fuel consumed by households, while electricity and natural gas consumption also increased significantly. Energy consumption grew 12-fold in the transport sector, and continued to rely mainly on oil.

Globally, total consumption more than doubled between 1971 and 2014. However the sectoral breakdown of energy use did not change dramatically. Industry remained the largest consuming sector in 2014, only one percentage point lower than in 1971 (37%), followed by transport (28%), a 5% increase on 1971 figures, and residential (23%).

Looking solely at OECD countries, where provisional data are available for 2015, energy production hit 4 164 Mtoe in 2015, a 0.5% increase on 2014 figures, and the highest level since the IEA was founded in 1974. Exports were also the highest ever recorded at 1 790 Mtoe (+5.5% from 2014). Following three consecutive years of decline, imports increased by 3.2%, with net imports remaining broadly stable in the region compared to 2014. OECD total primary energy supply remained stable in 2015, coming in at 5 269 Mtoe, only 0.1% less than in 2014.

In terms of the fuel mix, the OECD increased its use of oil (36% of TPES, +1%) and natural gas (26% of TPES, +2%) in 2015. Nuclear (10% of TPES) remained stable, with Asia-Oceania increasing its use while Europe decreased. Other sources (10% of TPES) increased by 2%, mainly due to renewables. Significantly, there was a drop of 15% in the United States of coal use over 2014 figures. In 2015, more than 200 TWh of electricity came from natural gas, driving a 6% decrease in the OECD region’s overall coal demand.

With production increasing more than energy use, the level of self-sufficiency (defined as production/TPES) in the OECD increased to 79% in 2015, a figure comparable to the high levels of 1985. Notably, in 2015, OECD Americas became self-sufficient for the first time since the IEA was founded, with the United States not far behind at 93%. This is in contrast with the levels observed in OECD Europe and OECD Asia Oceania, both coming in at below 60%.

Source: iea.org

Wind farms do not discourage tourists, economists find

09.08.2016

Wind farms do not discourage holidaymakers, according to new research which “puts to bed the myth” that the sight of turbines on the horizon damages tourism.

A report by economic consultants said the onshore wind industry in Scotland had expanded dramatically in recent years, from 2 gigawatts of capacity in 2009 to 4.9GW in 2014. Over a similar period, the number of jobs in “sustainable” tourism had grown by more than 10 per cent.

But, while this suggested that both sectors could “co-exist and grow”, they decided to look more closely at the local effects of the construction of a new wind farm on 18 different places across Scotland.

And they found that in 15 of the 18 locations, sustainable tourism employment had increased by more than the Scottish average despite the appearance of turbines.

They also pointed to a survey of 380 tourists in Caithness and Sutherland, Stirling, Perth and Kinross, the Scottish Borders and Dumfries and Galloway by Glasgow Caledonian University.

Of those, 75 per cent felt wind farms had a positive or neutral effect on the landscape. Just four people, two per cent of those who had seen turbines, said it would affect their decision to visit the area again: two said they would be less likely to return, while the other two were more keen to come back.

The report’s author, Graeme Blackett, director of Biggar Economics, said: “Both renewable energy and tourism have been identified by the Scottish Government as key growth sectors, and therefore it is important to identify if there are any detrimental effects to one from the development of the other.

“What this study shows is that there is no relationship between the growth in the onshore wind sector and growth in the tourism sector.

“While this is just one piece of research, it is the first that has looked systematically at the situation before and after wind farms have been developed, and it clearly demonstrates that renewable energy and tourism can co-exist in a modern Scotland.”

According to figures from the Office for National Statistics, there were 211,215 jobs in sustainable tourism in Scotland in 2013. Government figures showed renewable energy supported 21,000 jobs in Scotland, 5,400 of which were in onshore wind, in the same year.

Lang Banks, director of environmental campaign group WWF Scotland, said: “Hopefully this latest research will finally put to bed the myth that wind farms have a negative impact on tourism jobs.

“In fact, the reality is that in some cases wind farms have themselves become tourist attractions.

“Over the past decade, Scotland’s growth in renewables has created thousands of new jobs. And, to ensure we continue to reap the many benefits of a low carbon economy the Scottish Government’s forthcoming energy strategy should set a goal of securing half of all of our energy, across electricity, heat and transport, from renewables by 2030.”

Lindsay Roberts, senior policy manager at Scottish Renewables, said: “This research joins the growing body of evidence that clearly shows there is no negative impact on the tourism industry from the development of onshore wind.

“In fact, the study found that employment in tourism in the majority of areas immediately surrounding wind farms grew faster than in the wider local authority areas where they were situated.

“Last year Scottish Renewables found that more than 13,000 miles had been covered by runners and cyclists alone on infrastructure tracks installed for wind farms and hydropower schemes.

“Today’s new figures demonstrate once again that the well-documented economic and environmental benefits of green energy go hand in hand with significant social benefits.”

Source: independent.co.uk

Scientists convert carbon dioxide, create electricity

09.08.2016

While the human race will always leave its carbon footprint on the Earth, it must continue to find ways to lessen the impact of its fossil fuel consumption.

“Carbon capture” technologies — chemically trapping carbon dioxide before it is released into the atmosphere — is one approach. In a recent study, Cornell University researchers disclose a novel method for capturing the greenhouse gas and converting it to a useful product – while producing electrical energy.

Lynden Archer, the James A. Friend Family Distinguished Professor of Engineering, and doctoral student Wajdi Al Sadat have developed an oxygen-assisted aluminum/carbon dioxide power cell that uses electrochemical reactions to both sequester the carbon dioxide and produce electricity.

Their paper, “The O2-assisted Al/CO2 electrochemical cell: A system for CO2 capture/conversion and electric power generation,” was published July 20 in Science Advances.

The group’s proposed cell would use aluminum as the anode and mixed streams of carbon dioxide and oxygen as the active ingredients of the cathode. The electrochemical reactions between the anode and the cathode would sequester the carbon dioxide into carbon-rich compounds while also producing electricity and a valuable oxalate as a byproduct.

In most current carbon-capture models, the carbon is captured in fluids or solids, which are then heated or depressurized to release the carbon dioxide. The concentrated gas must then be compressed and transported to industries able to reuse it, or sequestered underground. The findings in the study represent a possible paradigm shift, Archer said.

“The fact that we’ve designed a carbon capture technology that also generates electricity is, in and of itself, important,” he said. “One of the roadblocks to adopting current carbon dioxide capture technology in electric power plants is that the regeneration of the fluids used for capturing carbon dioxide utilize as much as 25 percent of the energy output of the plant. This seriously limits commercial viability of such technology. Additionally, the captured carbon dioxide must be transported to sites where it can be sequestered or reused, which requires new infrastructure.”

The group reported that their electrochemical cell generated 13 ampere hours per gram of porous carbon (as the cathode) at a discharge potential of around 1.4 volts. The energy produced by the cell is comparable to that produced by the highest energy-density battery systems.

Another key aspect of their findings, Archer says, is in the generation of superoxide intermediates, which are formed when the dioxide is reduced at the cathode. The superoxide reacts with the normally inert carbon dioxide, forming a carbon-carbon oxalate that is widely used in many industries, including pharmaceutical, fiber and metal smelting.

“A process able to convert carbon dioxide into a more reactive molecule such as an oxalate that contains two carbons opens up a cascade of reaction processes that can be used to synthesize a variety of roducts,” Archer said, noting that the configuration of the electrochemical cell will be dependent on the product one chooses to make from the oxalate.

Al Sadat, who worked on onboard carbon capture vehicles at Saudi Aramco, said this technology in not limited to power-plant applications. “It fits really well with onboard capture in vehicles,” he said, “especially if you think of an internal combustion engine and an auxiliary system that relies on electrical power.”

He said aluminum is the perfect anode for this cell, as it is plentiful, safer than other high-energy density metals and lower in cost than other potential materials (lithium, sodium) while having comparable energy density to lithium. He added that many aluminum plants are already incorporating some sort of power-generation facility into their operations, so this technology could assist in both power generation and reducing carbon emissions.

A current drawback of this technology is that the electrolyte – the liquid connecting the anode to the cathode – is extremely sensitive to water. Ongoing work is addressing the performance of electrochemical systems and the use of electrolytes that are less water-sensitive.

Source: sciencedaily.com

“Green Finance” Incorporated into G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meeting Communiqué

08.08.2016

G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors held their third meeting on July 23-24 in Chengdu, and issued the final Communiqué before this year’s G20 Summit in Hangzhou, emphasizing the development of green finance and welcoming voluntary options developed by the G20 Green Finance Study Group (GFSG).

This year green finance was incorporated for first time into the G20 agenda. At the initiative of the Chinese G20 presidency, the G20 established the GFSG, co-chaired by China and the United Kingdom with support from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) as secretariat.

More than 80 participants from all G20 members, as well as a number of invited countries and six international organizations, actively participated in the GFSG. Over the past six months, the GFSG hosted four core meetings, developed the G20 Green Finance Synthesis Report and submitted it to the Third Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meeting held yesterday in Chengdu. The Synthesis Report comprehensively examines the necessity and challenges of developing green finance globally. It also provides seven voluntary options to overcome these challenges facing green finance development.

The G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meeting Communiqué states:

“We recognize that, in order to support environmentally sustainable growth globally, it is necessary to scale-up green financing. We welcome the G20 Green Finance Synthesis Report submitted by the Green Finance Study Group (GFSG), and welcome the voluntary options developed by the GFSG to enhance the ability of the financial system to mobilize private capital for green investment. In particular, we believe that efforts could be made to provide clear strategic policy signals and frameworks, promote voluntary principles for green finance, expand learning networks for capacity building, support the development of local green bond markets, promote international collaboration to facilitate cross-border investment in green bonds, encourage and facilitate knowledge sharing on environmental and financial risks, and improve the measurement of green finance activities and their impacts.”

Commenting on the report, Ma Jun, Chief Economist of the People’s Bank of China, said: “Promoting the consensus of developing green finance internationally is a key objective of the G20 GFSG. The statements in the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meeting Communiqué demonstrate that major countries’ financial leaders have realized the necessity and feasibility of developing green finance through various financial instruments, policies, and mechanisms.”

“The Green Finance Study Group has highlighted how important and possible it is for the private sector to work with public bodies in creating the enabling conditions to mobilize green finance,” said Michael Sheren, co-Chair, Green Finance Study Group; Senior Advisor, Bank of England.

Simon Zadek, Co-director of the UNEP Inquiry and lead for UNEP for the GFSG secretariat, added that establishing and co-chairing the G20 GFSG underlines China’s global influence in green finance. “By taking green finance to the G20, China has used its presidency to inspire many countries and financial institutions around the world to take notice of the importance of this agenda,” he said.

China’s pursuit of green finance has been attracting global attention in recent years. Green credit in China now makes up 10 per cent of the balance of total loans and the country is now home to the world’s largest green bond market. China is also one of just three countries that issued “Green Credit Definitions” and was the first country that officially released its “Green Bond Directives” and Green Bond Catalogue.

Elsewhere, countries including Brazil, Indonesia, Kenya, and Sweden are now advancing green finance plans and practices while financial centers – such as Hong Kong, London, Singapore and Switzerland – are entering a “race to the top” by viewing green finance as a source of competitiveness.

About the Inquiry

The Inquiry into the Design of a Sustainable Financial System was established in January 2014 with a mandate to advance policy options that would improve the effectiveness of the financial system in supporting sustainable development. The Inquiry has worked with central banks, environment ministries, international financial institutions as well as major banks, stock exchanges, pension funds and insurance companies.

Source: unep.org

Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region under Development

08.08.2016

index The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), with financial support from the Austrian Development Agency, are preparing to establish a Himalayan Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency.

The centre will help address the complex development and energy challenges of the mostly peri-urban and rural areas of the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region, which is home to more than 200 million people, covering all or parts of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan.

According to Martin Lugmayr, a UNIDO sustainable energy expert, there is a strong demand for decentralized sustainable energy solutions in the HKH region, especially in the off-grid mountain areas, to promote social development and increase the productivity of industrial key sectors, such as food- processing and high-value niche products and services. However, said Lugmayr, a broad range of barriers, including policy and regulatory obstacles, out-dated technology and a lack of capacity and of finance, have prevented the region from taking full advantage of existing and potential renewable energy sources.

“The centre will scale up ongoing national efforts in the areas of technology demonstration, investment and business promotion, rural energy policy development and implementation, capacity development, and knowledge and data management, as well as awareness-raising. It will also act as a regional hub of Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) excellence in the region,” said Bikash Sharma, an ICIMOD environmental economist.

The centre will be part of the Global Network of Regional Sustainable Energy Centres which is coordinated by UNIDO, in partnership with relevant regional organizations. The network is currently supported by around 90 ministers of energy and heads of governments from sub-Saharan Africa, the Arab region, the Asia/Pacific region, and the Central America and Caribbean region.

Source: unido.org

NASA Satellite Reveals How Much Saharan Dust Feeds Amazon’s Plants

08.08.2016

What connects Earth’s largest, hottest desert to its largest tropical rain forest? The Sahara Desert is a near-uninterrupted brown band of sand and scrub across the northern third of Africa. The Amazon rain forest is a dense green mass of humid jungle that covers northeast South America. But after strong winds sweep across the Sahara, a tan cloud raises in the air, stretches between the continents, and ties together the desert and the jungle. It’s dust. And lots of it.

For the first time, a NASA satellite has quantified in three dimensions how much dust makes this trans-Atlantic journey. Scientists have not only measured the volume of dust, they have also calculated how much phosphorus – remnant in Saharan sands from part of the desert’s past as a lake bed – gets carried across the ocean from one of the planet’s most desolate places to one of its most fertile.

A new paper published Feb. 24 in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical Union, provides the first satellite-based estimate of this phosphorus transport over multiple years, said lead author Hongbin Yu, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Maryland who works at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. A paper published online by Yu and colleagues Jan. 8 in Remote Sensing of the Environment provided the first multi-year satellite estimate of overall dust transport from the Sahara to the Amazon.

Source: enn.com

New Neighborhood in Stockholm To Foster Sustainable Development

05.08.2016

One might say that the first Global Environmental Conference was not Rio+20 in 1992, but The United Nations Conference on The Human Environment (UNCHE), which took place in 1972 in Stockholm. Although some people may disagree with this affirmation, there is no doubt that the UNCHE, whose main goal was to reduce human impact on the environment, was the first attempt at making society aware of the potential negative consequences of our existing development model on our living and to preserve the environment for coming generations.

Since then, the city of Stockholm has focused on sustainable development alternatives and is still trying to maintain this reputation. Nowadays, according to the City of Stockholm, the Environment Program focuses on six key priorities:
1. Environmentally efficient transportation
2. Goods and buildings free of dangerous substances
3. Sustainable energy use
4. Sustainable use of land and water
5. Waste treatment with minimal environmental impact
6. A healthy indoor environment.

As a consequence of this effort, the city of Stockholm leads the world in sustainable neighborhoods and boasts one of Europe’s largest urban development projects: Stockholm Royal Seaport or “Royal Neighbour”.

Last May, the city of Stockholm disclosed the winners of a design competition for an urban development in the area of Stockholm’s Royal Seaport, formerly a gasworks area of about 236 hectares. ADEPT and the landscape studioMandaworks designed the winning project, and both have been working closely with the city to develop the master plan for an 18-hectare area known as Kolkagem-Ropsten.

There are plans to build more than 12,000 new properties, bringing 35,000 new jobs and a new cultural area to the site. Moreover, the designers have created three new neighborhoods, each with its own unique architectural character brought to life by several architecture studios, including Herzog & de Meuron and Tham & Videgård Arkitekter, making sure the surroundings have a considerable variety of typologies and aesthetics.

In March of this year, the design studio Tham & Videgård Arkitekter unveiled a plan to build four high-rise apartment blocks constructed from solid timber on an old harbor in Stockholm. The architects are planning to use only one material — Swedish pine — throughout the entire building structure.

Source: landarchs.com

Latest Map of Key EU Cross-Border Energy Infrastructure Projects Published

05.08.2016

Bandere, Elektrodistributivna mreža, Struja — Photo: Pixabay

The European Commission has updated its transparency platform map viewer of ongoing and completed energy infrastructure projects – known as Projects of Common Interest (PCIs). The projects are designed to help complete the EU’s internal energy market and reach its policy objectives of affordable, secure and sustainable energy.

A total of 195 projects are on the current list. In 2014, €647 million was allocated from the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) programme to 34 projects from the list including electricity and gas transmission lines, LNG terminals and electricity storage projects.

In 2015, CEF grants amounting €366 million were allocated to 35 infrastructure projects – of those, 20 were in the gas sector and 15 in electricity.

Last week, EU countries agreed to invest €263 million in key infrastructure projects, with the bulk of support going to gas infrastructure projects in Baltic countries and to the electricity sector across the EU.

The decision came under the first call for PCI proposals of 2016. A second call for PCI proposals is now open until 8 November 2016 and has an indicative value of €600 million.

PCI map viewer

Source: ec.europa.eu

Bulgaria-Greece Gas Interconnector Construction Faces Delay – Report

05.08.2016

The start of construction on the gas interconnector between Bulgaria and Greece could be delayed by at least six months, a Bulgarian media report said on August 4.

Even though the project has been labelled repeatedly as a top priority by Bulgarian Prime Minister Boiko Borissov, most recently at the joint sitting of the Bulgarian and Greek cabinets earlier this week, several factors contributed to the delay in a project seen as key to reduce Sofia’s dependence on Russian gas supplies, news website Mediapool.bg said.

Shareholders in the project company have decided to await the completion of the market tests that will gauge interest in shipping gas through the new pipeline, according to Mediapool’s report, which quoted Assen Gagaouzov, the former regional development minister, who is a member of the project company’s board of directors.

Bulgarian Energy Holding (BEH), the umbrella corporation for state-owned energy sector assets, has 50 per cent in the project company, the same as IGI Poseidon, the joint venture between Greek operator DEPA and Italy’s Edison.

After the market tests are done, the company will apply for a loan from the European Investment Bank, hoping to secure favourable conditions, the report said. The project company is also awaiting the European Commission’s decision to allocate additional funding to the project, which is expected to be made at the start of 2017.

The European Commission allocated 45 million euro to the proposed pipeline in 2010, when it began emphasising closer ties between national grids in the wake of the Russian disruption of gas supplies a year earlier, and is expected to add a further 35 million euro under the Juncker investment plan, reports in Bulgarian media have said.

All these factors have combined to postpone the start of construction to March 2017 at the earliest, Mediapool said. Initially, when Bulgaria and Greece signed the investment decision agreement in December 2015, the start of construction was envisioned for October 2016.

Initially, the inter-connector will have an annual capacity of three billion cubic metres, but current plans envision increasing it to five billion cubic metres at a later date. The pipeline will link Bulgaria’s gas grid in Stara Zagora to the Greek town of Komotini, a distance of 140km, and will cost an estimated 220 million euro.

In the long run, Bulgaria would like to see the inter-connector expanded to 20 billion cubic metres a year, allowing to serve as a key supply route for a regional gas hub, proposed by Bulgaria a year ago after Russia cancelled the South Stream pipeline in December 2014.

But even in its current form, the proposed inter-connector would allow Bulgaria to reduce reliance on Russian supplies, as it would be used to pump Azeri gas into the country. In 2013, Bulgaria’s state-owned gas company Bulgargaz signed an agreement to purchase one billion cubic metres of gas from the Shah Deniz 2 gas field once it begins deliveries to European customers in 2019.

It could also be used to ship gas from Greece’s liquefied natural gas terminals – the existing one at Revithoussa near Athens and the planned one at Alexandroupolis in northern Greece.

Source: balkaneu.com

Electric Vehicle Charge Points to Outnumber Petrol Stations by 2020, Say Nissan

05.08.2016

Elektromobil, električni automobil, elektroponjači — Photo: Pixabay

Public electric vehicle (EV) charge points will outnumber petrol stations in the UK by the end of the decade, marking a potential tipping point in the adoption of zero emission vehicles.

That is the conclusion of a new analysis by auto giant and EV manufacturer Nissan, which argues that based on current trends EV charge points will overtake traditional petrol stations by August 2020.

The report found that there were 8,472 traditional fuel stations in the UK at the end of last year, representing a steady decline from the 37,539 recorded in 1970. Based on the rate of decline in recent decades the number of petrol stations is likely to fall to under 7,870 by summer 2020, Nissan said.

In contrast, the UK’s EV charging network is expanding fast and plans are underway to accelerate its growth further over the coming years. As such, Nissan predicts the number of public EV charging locations will reach 7,900 by August 2020, although it adds that “accelerating adoption of electric vehicles means this crossover could happen a lot sooner”.

The report notes that there are now 4,100 public EV charging locations in the UK, representing rapid expansion given there were only a few hundred as recently as 2011. In contrast, more than 75% of traditional petrol stations have closed in the last 40 years.

The rapid expansion of the EV charging network is being driven by both ambitious plans from operators and the growth in the market for electric cars and vans.

EVs continue to account for a small fraction of the auto market, but demand is growing fast with the most recent industry figures showing more than 115 electric cars were registered every day in the first quarter of 2016, equivalent to one every 13 minutes.

“As electric vehicle sales take off, the charging infrastructure is keeping pace and paving the way for convenient all-electric driving,” said Edward Jones, EV manager at Nissan Motor (GB) Ltd. “Combine that with constant improvements in our battery performance and we believe the tipping point for mass EV uptake is upon us.

“As with similar breakthrough technologies, the adoption of electric vehicles should follow an ‘S-curve’ of demand. A gradual uptake from early adopters accelerates to a groundswell of consumers buying electric vehicles just as they would any other powertrain.”

Growing numbers of analysts are predicting demand for EVs could accelerate sharply in the coming years as upfront costs continue to fall and battery ranges increase to a point where it becomes more cost effective to operate a zero emission vehicle than traditional cars.

Influential analyst firm Bloomberg New Energy Finance has predicted EVs will be cheaper than conventional cars on a total cost of ownership basis by 2022.

Meanwhile, a growing number of firms are investing in expanding the EV charging network to match increased demand. For example, Nissan recently teamed up with architects firm Foster + Partners to develop a conceptual vision for the EV-charging fuel station of the future, while UK start-up EV Hub recently unveiled plans for a network of UK charging stations that would also incorporate coffee shops and even fitness facilities.

Source: theguardian.com

Honolulu Pursues New Renewable Energy Project

04.08.2016

Environmental groups are praising Honolulu’s efforts to turn a byproduct from its wastewater treatment plant into renewable energy.

City officials recently awarded a contract to Hawaii Gas to capture and process biogas at the wastewater facility into renewable energy. Jeff Mikulina, the executive director of the Blue Planet Foundation, called the move an “exciting step” toward reaching state conservation goals, KHON-TV reported.

“We congratulate both Hawaii Gas and the mayor and the city for making this happen, essentially taking this waste product, which is methane that’s produced as they clean up the sewage. Instead of just releasing it into the atmosphere, they’re going to capture that and use it as the natural gas supply.”

The biogas at the Honouliuli Wastewater Treatment Plant is now flared or burned. The new agreement calls for Hawaii Gas to remove impurities and produce renewable natural gas that can be blended with synthetic natural gas in its existing pipeline. The city and county of Honolulu will then be able to sell the biogas as a way to boost revenue.

Terms of the contract are still being negotiated, but the city has estimated it could bring in $1 million or more annually.

“Incorporating cost-effective renewable natural gas as part of our fuel mix is a key priority as we continue to advance Hawaii’s clean energy future,” said Alicia Moy, Hawaii Gas president and CEO.

The contract expires at the end of 2024 and provides an option for an extension. The new project is estimated to take at least a year to be fully operational.

Photo: en.wikipedia.org

Source: dailyprogress.com

UK’s Carbon Footprint Rises 3%

02.08.2016

The “carbon footprint” for the pollution caused by UK consumption has increased slightly, official figures show.

The amount of greenhouse gases linked to goods and services consumed by UK households, including emissions from the foreign manufacture of imported products, rose by 3% between 2012 and 2013, the most recent data shows.

But the figures are almost a fifth (19%) below the peak seen in 2007, when UK consumers were responsible for nearly 1.3bn tonnes of greenhouse gases.

The figures cover imported and domestically produced goods and services consumed in the UK as well as heating homes and fuelling household vehicles with fossil fuels.

The carbon footprint statistics from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) reveal the UK’s wider role in the output of emissions which cause climate change, compared with other data which only account for domestically produced greenhouse gases.

Emissions associated with goods and services made outside the UK and imported for use by businesses and consumers make up more than half (55%) of the total carbon footprint for consumption, they reveal.

Some 582m tonnes of greenhouse gases were linked to imports in 2013, up 7% on the previous year but down 22% from the 2007 peak, the figures show.

Emissions linked to imported products from China, where many of the products bought in the UK are now manufactured, also peaked in 2007, but in 2013 were still 112% higher than in 1997.

Greenhouse gases associated with producing goods and services in the UK which were then used in the country were down more than a quarter (26%) in 2013 compared with 1997.

Emissions from heating homes have fallen 8% since 1997 but have been largely static for the last decade, despite household energy efficiency schemes.

Road transport emissions rose between 1997 and 2007 but have fallen back to similar levels seen 20 years ago, the figures show.

Source: theguardian.com

Tesla and Solar City Agree to a $2.6 Billion Merger

02.08.2016

Tesla has confirmed that it will buy SolarCity for $2.6 billion, a deal that unites two Elon Musk firms as one giant green company. The merged business will sell solar panels, Powerwall batteries to store the energy and electric cars that run on it. It’s the “end-to-end clean energy” solution promised by Elon Musk in his “Master Plan Part Deux” just two weeks ago. SolarCity also revealed that it will introduce an “integrated solar and storage offering,” and a solar product “focused on the 5 million new roofs installed each year in the US.”

Musk previously said that any merger would not impact Tesla’s plans for the upcoming Model 3 EV and Gigafactory, which just officially opened. While the companies will soon be united, Tesla and SolarCity have worked closely together over the years, and the latter was founded by Musk’s cousins, CEO Lyndon Rive and director Peter Rive. Musk is, of course, the chairman and largest shareholder of both firms.

SolarCity is set to release its earnings next week and said that it installed more photovoltaic panels than forecast last quarter (201 megawatts compared to 185 megawatts). However, it added that residential installations were down slightly. The acquisition is not yet final, as it includes a “go-shop” provision that will allow other potential buyers to submit offers for SolarCity until September 14th, 2016.

Source: engadget.com

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