Solar Tricycle – A Revolution in Sustainable Mobility

05.01.2025

bicikl — Photo-illustration: Pixabay ( Lulian Scutelnicu)

In an era of climate change and increasing environmental pollution, innovations in sustainable transport are becoming crucial for the future of our planet. Sustainable transport solutions, such as electric and solar-powered vehicles, not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also help conserve natural resources and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Aleksandar Ilijevski from Leskovac, an electromechanical technician and electric vehicle enthusiast, has a unique story about his passion for innovations in sustainable transport. His love for electric bikes, which began more than a decade ago, eventually led him to the idea of creating a solar tricycle.

Although the initial concept faced obstacles due to the underdeveloped technology of solar panels at the time, Aleksandar never lost sight of his vision. He built his first electric tricycle in 2013 but soon realized that the solar panels available at the time lacked the power to run it. For years, the tricycle operated solely on battery power, with the idea of mounting a solar panel on the roof, waiting for the right moment. Nearly ten years later, with more powerful solar panels available, Aleksandar installed one on his electric tricycle once again.

„The idea ended up in a drawer until I recently saw an ad for solar panels. When I read the specifications and saw how much stronger they’ve become compared to those ten years ago, I immediately realized they could power the electric tricycle we had already built. I decided to give it a try. Our first test rides were without a battery, proving that the solar tricycle could run solely on sunlight — and at a decent speed. The feeling was truly surreal”, Aleksandar explains.

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Solar Energy for the Sustainable Transport of the Future

The importance of solar energy in sustainable transport is immense. Solar-powered vehicles offer the possibility of unlimited range under the right conditions, making them not only environmentally friendly but also economical. With the ongoing development of more powerful and affordable solar panels, solar-powered vehicles are gradually entering the realm of practical application, providing sustainable alternatives for future transport.

The innovator from Leskovac has demonstrated this with his solar tricycle, sending a message that solar-powered vehicles can belong to everyone and can be made from readily available materials. Thanks to technological advances, his tricycle now has the potential for unlimited range under ideal solar conditions. Additionally, a small battery allows it to run even when sunlight is insufficient.

Prepared by Milena Maglovski

Read the whole story in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine ECOLOGICAL TRANSPORT

How Green Zones are Transforming the Urban Landscape

04.01.2025

bicycle-bicikl — Photo-illustration: Pixabay (Wal)

In recent years, numerous initiatives have emerged in major European cities to make transportation more sustainable and reduce harmful gas emissions. The European Commission and local authorities are working to accelerate the transition to eco-friendly vehicles. One of the key steps in this process is the introduction of green zones—areas in cities where access to polluting vehicles is restricted or prohibited.

Green zones, also known as Low Emission Zones (LEZs), are areas where vehicle movement is strictly controlled based on environmental performance. Vehicles that emit high levels of pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide, are often restricted from entering these zones. These measures aim to reduce air pollution, particularly severe in large cities, and encourage citizens to switch to cleaner modes of transportation, such as electric cars, bicycles, or walking.

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Examples from European Cities

London has pioneered green zones by introducing the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ). This zone covers a large part of central London and requires all vehicles to meet strict environmental standards. Those who fail to meet these standards must pay a daily charge. ULEZ is expected to expand soon to cover more areas of London, aiming to reduce pollution and promote the use of electric and hybrid vehicles.

Paris is another leader in eco-friendly initiatives, with its Low Emission Zones (Zones à faibles émissions). Vehicles with low environmental standards are banned from certain areas, and the city has ambitious plans to eliminate all fossil fuel vehicles by 2030. Paris is also known for its extensive network of bike lanes, which helps reduce traffic congestion and pollution in the city center.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay (Mircea lancu)

Berlin was one of the first cities to introduce a green zone back in 2008. Only vehicles with a special eco-sticker indicating low emissions are allowed to enter these zones. The German capital demonstrates its commitment to reducing gas emissions and improving air quality by continuously tightening environmental standards within these zones.

The world’s fashion capital, Milan, has established a Low Emission Zone called Area C. This zone covers the city center, and vehicles not meeting the required standards must pay a fee to enter. Milan enforces strict regulations for older and diesel cars and strongly promotes the use of public transport and eco-friendly vehicles. Known for its biking culture,

Amsterdam introduced green zones in 2009. Older diesel vehicles are banned from certain parts of the city, and local authorities have set the ambitious goal of phasing out fossil fuel-powered vehicles by 2030. This initiative encourages the development of electric vehicles and supports the expansion of the city’s well-established biking culture.

Prepared by Milena Maglovski

Read the whole story in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine ECOLOGICAL TRANSPORT

Innovative Solution for Arsenic Removal from Water

03.01.2025

by-Anna-from-Pixabay — Photo-illustration: Pixabay (Anna)

One of the biggest global challenges facing modern society today is the decreasing availability of safe, potable water resources. Elevated arsenic levels in groundwater, a primary drinking water resource worldwide, seriously threaten public health.

Photo: Private archive, member of the NanoCompAss project team Marija Maletin

A multidisciplinary team of scientists from the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Novi Sad and the Institute for Multidisciplinary Research at the University of Belgrade is implementing the NanoCompAs project to develop an innovative and long-term sustainable solution for arsenic removal from water. The significance of research in this area has been recognized by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, which has facilitated the NanoCompAs project as part of the Green Program for Science and Industry Collaboration. Adsorption is the most commonly applied technique for arsenic removal in drinking water treatment due to its high cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and technical simplicity in handling and process control. Most commercially available adsorbents require pretreatment to convert arsenic into a removable form, but this adds to the cost of water treatment, making it less feasible for less-developed areas most affected by this issue. Researchers are actively developing high-efficiency nanomaterial-based adsorbents to find an effective and affordable solution. One next-generation material is FeMn binary oxide (FMBO) nanoparticles, which have already shown high arsenic removal efficiency in laboratory settings but are challenging to implement in continuous-flow systems.

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To overcome these limitations, the NanoCompAs project will develop a bifunctional nanocomposite filter medium (FMBOnc), forming the basis for commercializing the product—a filter applicable to continuous water treatment processes. The next step will involve scaling up the production of the filter medium to ensure sufficient material quantities for further laboratory and semi-industrial research. Initial testing of the filter will include physical-chemical characterization, quality control, and arsenic removal efficiency assessments.

The project team is exploring potential solutions to extend the lifespan of FMBOnc and enable its reuse. Depending on requirements, they are also evaluating options for stabilizing the material before disposal in landfills. Semi-industrial-scale research, which includes treating larger quantities of groundwater from the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, will confirm the effectiveness of FMBOnc in reducing arsenic levels in water.

As a team, we anticipate that the NanoCompAs project will develop an economical and efficient solution for removing arsenic from drinking water, significantly improving the health and quality of life of people in regions affected by this problem. The project’s results will also benefit policymakers and the academic community focused on environmental protection technologies.

The NanoCompAs Project Team

Read the whole story in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine ECOLOGICAL TRANSPORT

Solar Power Plants – Long-term Profitability

02.01.2025

IMG_20241008_130949 (1) — Photo: MT-KOMEX BH

Achieving energy independence has become a crucial issue for many countries and companies. Due to increasing concerns about climate change, instability in the fossil fuel market, and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy sources are becoming more important. They offer the possibility of reducing dependence on traditional energy sources and provide significant environmental benefits. Investments in renewable energy enable businesses and communities to generate clean energy, reduce costs, and contribute to sustainable development. More and more companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina recognize the advantages of energy independence through investments in renewable energy sources. The importance of energy independence has also been acknowledged by AgrekS d.o.o. from Donji Žabar.

As a leader in the production of consumer eggs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, this company promotes a healthy environment by offering high-quality food products and environmental care. Now, it plans to use renewable energy in its production. The company is preparing to construct two solar power plants on the roof of its business premises, which will further enhance its operations and reduce its dependence on traditional energy sources.

The solar power plants, Jeremičak 1 and Jeremičak 2, each with a capacity of 222.72 kWp, will produce 540 megawatt-hours of electricity annually.

“The location is favorable for building a solar power plant due to high solar irradiation and many sunny days. The roof area is open and oriented southwest, enhancing the system’s efficiency. The panels will be installed at a 6° angle, aligning with the roof slope,” said Bojan Lazić, an electrical engineer on the project. The solar power plants will utilize solar panels from AIKO Solar and Huawei’s inverter systems. Other equipment from globally renowned brands guarantees long-term use and stable electricity production.

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These two facilities will be connected to the existing 10-kilovolt power line Batkuša–Obudovac and integrated into the power distribution network. A new transformer station will be built to meet the power plants’ needs.

Thanks to its extensive experience in renewable energy, MT-KOMEX BH has been recognized as a reliable and trusted partner for constructing solar power plants. Their expert team provides a comprehensive turnkey approach, covering all phases—from planning and designing the power plant model to equipment delivery, construction, and system functionality checks.

The company uses state-of-theart technology and equipment from renowned manufacturers, further guaranteeing the efficiency and longevity of its solutions.

Their commitment to green technologies reduces environmental impact and optimizes resource usage, enabling clients to achieve sustainable goals.

The quality of the company’s work is best reflected in the list of satisfied clients who have used its services and achieved significant energy savings, thus improving their operations, reducing costs, and becoming energy independent.

Additionally, the company actively assists clients in transitioning to green practices, facilitating their shift towards sustainable operations and reducing carbon emissions. This support will help them adapt to new regulations when the CBAM mechanism becomes active in 2026.

Prepared by Jasna Dragojević

Read the whole story in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine ECOLOGICAL TRANSPORT

Serbia’s Most Important Energy and Environmental Projects in 2024

01.01.2025

eko — Photo-illustration: Freepik (freepik)

In 2024, Serbia continued its path toward energy transition, sustainability, and a healthier environment.

One of the first steps was the decision to double the funds allocated for the energy rehabilitation of public buildings and households compared to 2023.

Two key milestones in Serbia’s energy sector development were the adoption of the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan for the period up to 2030, with projections to 2050, and the approval of the Draft Law on Amendments to the Energy Law. The first marks a new stage in Serbia’s energy transition by providing a clear roadmap for sustainable energy sector development. The second aims to meet obligations under the Energy Community Treaty, aligning with European standards and enhancing the country’s energy security.

A notable achievement was the commissioning of the flue gas desulfurization plant at the Nikola Tesla A thermal power plant, described as the largest environmental project. Another significant milestone was the commissioning of the Krivača wind farm in Golubac, the largest in the region and the first in Eastern Serbia. Additional achievements include a new biomass heating plant in Majdanpek, a newly constructed substation in Mrčajevci, the rehabilitation of the “Krivi Vir” boiler within the Niš District Heating Plant, and several others.

In late November, the second round of auctions for market premiums for renewable energy sources was announced, allowing investors to bid for a total quota of 424.8 MW.

Energy Support and Cooperation

For the development of renewable energy in district heating systems across Serbia, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) allocated €3 million. The European Union also supported the second phase of the “Renewable Energy Sources – Biomass Market Development in the Republic of Serbia” program with €10 million in grants. Additionally, a contract was signed with the European Investment Bank for the procurement and installation of around 400,000 smart meters nationwide.

A contract was signed with the consortium of “Hyundai Engineering” and “UGT Renewables” for the construction of self-balancing solar power plants in Serbia. The project includes energy storage systems with a total capacity of 200 MW, enabling the installation of 1 GW of new solar power capacity.

A Memorandum of Understanding was agreed upon in August for constructing the Serbia-Romania gas interconnector. This project will provide an additional natural gas supply route, linking the Mokrin hub in Serbia with the BRUA gas pipeline in Romania.

In 2024, electricity markets in Hungary, Serbia, and Slovenia were unified, simplifying and enhancing the efficiency of electricity trading in the region.

Throughout the year, numerous discussions were held with representatives of countries worldwide to strengthen cooperation in the energy sector, gas supply, and energy transition. Key partners included Japan, China, Greece, Montenegro, Spain, Russia, Azerbaijan, Norway, and others.

Environmental Protection

At the beginning of the year, four public calls were announced for ecological projects in cities and municipalities, with a total allocation of 1.25 billion dinars. These funds were designated for replacing boiler rooms in district heating systems, household heating systems, afforestation, greening projects, and cleaning illegal dumpsites.

A regulation on subsidizing the purchase of new electric vehicles was adopted, with the Ministry of Environmental Protection allocating 170 million dinars. This measure proved successful, as there was significant interest in purchasing electric vehicles, funding the acquisition of 357 vehicles.

Protected areas received 500 million dinars, the largest amount to date. In 2024, Serbia established several new protected areas, including the “Golija” Nature Park, the “Mojstirsko-Draške Planine” Special Nature Reserve, the “Veliki Jastrebac” Nature Park, and the “Rudnik Mountain” Landscape of Outstanding Features. Agreements were signed with managers of 93 protected areas, as well as agreements supporting afforestation and greening projects in 38 local governments. Additional investments were secured for protected areas across the country.

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Vlad Kiselov)

Four environmental protection laws were adopted this year, focusing on environmental impact assessments, controlling the risk of major accidents involving hazardous substances, ratifying the Minamata Convention on Mercury, and strategic environmental assessments. These laws aim to align with European regulations and improve public participation in decision-making.

The first greenhouse gas emissions permit was issued to Nikola Tesla Airport in Belgrade, and a power plant in Vinča was commissioned to produce heat and electricity for Belgrade residents.

One significant agreement was signed in Bečej to expand and modernize a 30-year-old wastewater treatment plant. Agreements were also signed for reconstructing facilities in Pećinci and further modernizing the Regional Waste Management Center in Pirot, including building a composting plant for green and biodegradable waste.

Efforts to address unsanitary landfills began in Topola, Subotica, and Prokuplje, while illegal dumpsites were cleaned in Nova Crvenka. In Niš, 46 kilometers of sewer network were built, along with the country’s largest wastewater treatment plant. Construction of a wastewater treatment plant began in Sečanj, and agreements were signed for building sewer systems in Priboj, Bečej, and a city collector in Zrenjanin, improving wastewater management. In 2024, over 340 kilometers of sewer network were contracted or under construction across Serbia.

New waste collection trucks were provided to municipalities such as Titel, Temerin, Gornji Milanovac, Nova Crnja, Bela Crkva, Paraćin, and others.

By the end of the year, additional funds were secured to continue developing regional waste management centers across Serbia in 2025.

Katarina Vuinac

E-Mobility – Abb Way

31.12.2024

ChargInfrastructure_quad_A1 — Photo: ABB

In its latest report, the United Nations warns that the world has just 12 years to drastically reduce carbon emissions and limit global warming to 1.5°C. Currently, the temperature is already 1°C higher, and if we continue at this pace, we could see a rise of 3°C. To achieve the target reduction of 1.5°C, it is necessary to reduce carbon emissions by 45 percent by 2030.

Given that almost two-thirds of global carbon pollution comes from the transport and energy production sector, the European Union adopted the Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR) to facilitate the transition to more sustainable transport. The regulation enables the expansion of fuel stations charging electric vehicles across Europe. By 2030, hundreds of new charging points are planned, including fast chargers for cars and heavy vehicles and hydrogen charging points.

The global stock of electric vehicles is expected to increase from 7.7 million to more than 85 million in the next decade. This change and infrastructure improvements could significantly reduce the transport sector’s carbon footprint and contribute to the fight against climate change.

Different technologies are used to charge electric vehicles, and the choice depends on the duration of the vehicle’s stay at the place where the charger is located. AC chargers have an effective power ranging from 3.6 to 11 kW, which allows a driving range of 15 to 50 km per hour of charging. Although some AC chargers can theoretically deliver up to 22 kW, in practice, the charging speed is often limited by the car’s built-in converter. Because of their relatively low cost, AC chargers are cost-effective for locations where cars stay longer, such as households or offices. On the other hand, DC chargers are preferred in public places where drivers tend to stay for a short time. These chargers allow fast charging, crucial at gas stations or while shopping, where charging is expected to take 15-30 minutes.

DC chargers are also useful in retail locations where people stay for an average of one to two hours. It is essential to choose the right type of charger depending on the driver’s needs.

IN FOCUS:

With its experience and time on the market, ABB stands out as a reliable partner in developing infrastructure for charging electric vehicles, combining technological innovations and high safety standards with financially viable solutions. The electrical infrastructure design for charging complies with the IEC 61000-6-3 standard, ensuring high safety for use in residential areas, offices, and public places, such as gas stations. ABB also has independent CE certificates, which guarantee safety against electric shocks and immunity to electromagnetic radiation. In addition, ABB DC fast chargers offer two payment models: membership and payment terminal. In the membership model, electric vehicle drivers opt for one of the offered prices by registering, while in the payment terminal, users simply swipe their credit card to start charging. This flexibility facilitates access to chargers and enables different payment options according to the user’s needs.

ABB provides global services with a focus on remote diagnostics. This technology makes it possible to solve more than 90 percent of service cases remotely, reducing costs and travel time while increasing the charging network’s availability. In other words, proactive monitoring of the charger, with more than 400 monitored parameters, enables quick identification and resolution of problems, further increasing the efficiency and profitability of services.

ABB

Read the whole story in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine ECOLOGICAL TRANSPORT

Universal USB-C Chargers Reduce Electronic Waste in the EU

30.12.2024

4482 — Photo-illustration: Freepik (Mateus Andre)

In October 2022, the Council of the European Union approved the EU Common Charger Directive. Following this decision, a transitional period was introduced, allowing manufacturers to adjust their designs.

Two days ago, the official implementation of the rules began for mobile phones, tablets, digital cameras, headphones, video game consoles, portable speakers, e-readers, keyboards, mice, and portable navigation systems sold within the European Union.

This decision mandates that all new devices must support USB-C charging. While the new rules already apply to most devices, laptop manufacturers have until April 28, 2026, to comply.

As part of this alignment, the introduction of a unified fast-charging standard will prevent manufacturers from deliberately limiting charging speeds when using chargers from other brands.

Manufacturers are now required to provide clear visual and written information about charger specifications, including the power required by the device and whether it supports fast charging. This will help consumers determine whether their existing charger meets the requirements of a new device.

By reducing the production of new chargers and better utilizing existing ones, a significant reduction in electronic waste is expected, contributing to environmental protection. According to data from the European Commission, discarded and unused chargers account for approximately 11,000 tons of such waste annually.

Katarina Vuinac

EBRD lends up to 105 million euros to Serbia to decarbonise district heating

30.12.2024

serbia-srbija-novi sad — Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is providing a sovereign loan of up to 105 million euros to Serbia, through the Ministry of Finance, to benefit Novosadska Toplana Novi Sad, the district heating company of Novi Sad. The project is expected to be co-financed by an investment grant of up to 21 million euros, plus tree million euros of project implementation assistance, from the European Union (EU) and other donors through the Western Balkans Investment Framework (WBIF).

The loan will finance the construction of a large-scale solar-thermal power plant in Novi Sad, featuring 38,600 m² of solar collector fields, an 850,000 m³ seasonal heat storage system, a 17 megawatt (MW) heat pump and a 60 MW electric boiler, incorporating advanced power-to-heat technology.

The project is part of the Green Cities Window 3 Framework (GrCF3 W2 Framework) and is included in the Green City Action Plan (GCAP) being developed by the City of Novi Sad. Through the GCAP, the city has identified and prioritised its most pressing environmental challenges and set out targeted investments and policy actions to address them. The project will be implemented by Novosadska Toplana Novi Sad in conjunction with the Ministry of Mining and Energy, the city of Novi Sad, and state power company Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS).

Producing more than 118,000 MWh of clean renewable heat energy annually, the project will reduce the district heating agency’s natural gas consumption by around 29 per cent. It will thus provide an efficient, reliable and environmentally friendly heat supply for households, public institutions and businesses in Novi Sad by delivering base heat energy capacity to the city’s district heating network using innovative technologies, while supporting Serbia’s efforts to decarbonise the sector.

In addition, seasonal thermal energy storage, combined with power-to-heat solutions, will enable the storage of surplus electricity from renewables, enhancing grid balancing capacity, supporting electricity market operations and reducing investment risks for new wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) renewable energy projects.

The loan agreement was signed by Siniša Mali, First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of Serbia, while the project agreement was signed by Dubravka Đedović Handanović, Minister of Mining and Energy, and Nenad Barac, Director of Novosadska Toplana. Both agreements were signed by Matteo Colangeli, EBRD Regional Head of the Western Balkans, on behalf of the Bank.

„This project is innovative beyond Serbia and the region. The renewable energy solutions it will deliver to provide heat to Novi Sad and to balance the country’s electricity system, as well as the scale of the project, are groundbreaking on an international level. We are proud to support Novi Sad in this transformative investment, which will contribute to better air quality and cleaner, more affordable energy. With this loan, the EBRD closes 2024 with over 800 million euros of new investments in Serbia, underscoring our strong commitment to the country’s sustainable economic development”, said EBRD Director Matteo Colangeli.

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Jadon Kelly)

„Efforts to decarbonise our energy sector cannot be complete if we do not include the production of thermal energy, which accounts for a significant share of the energy balance. We took the first steps by building four biomass heating plants, and I believe that the integration of a solar collector and a heat pump that uses the heat of the river Danube into the district heating system of Novi Sad will be a turning point that will show the way that other cities and municipalities in Serbia will follow. Thermal energy produced in a sustainable manner will cover more than 20 percent of Novi Sad’s heating needs, which will replace the consumption of more than 16 million cubic meters of natural gas. The project is unique in Serbia, in that it also includes an electric boiler for balancing excess electricity, which will provide additional capacity for balancing energy produced in solar and wind power plants”, said Dubravka Đedović Handanović, Mining and Energy Minister.

The EBRD is a leading institutional investor in Serbia and has invested more than nine billion euros through 367 projects to date, the majority of which have supported the private sector. The Bank’s focus in Serbia is on supporting private-sector competitiveness, the green energy transition and sustainable infrastructure.

Source: EBRD

When Students Create Solutions for Sustainable Transport

29.12.2024

The global fight against climate change takes place on many fronts, with innovative technologies serving as our primary tools to effectively reduce harmful emissions, improve energy efficiency, and offer eco-friendly products and services. Innovators worldwide, led by young talents, are at the forefront of creating green solutions. Among them are Anđela Kanjo and Filip Oketić from Serbia, who decided to contribute to this global goal through their unique student company, Moveably.

Their app, which optimizes communication between transporters and clients, is not just a business venture—it’s a solution that can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traffic. These young entrepreneurs started their journey through student competitions, and today, their app represents an innovative way to improve efficiency in the transport industry.

The story of Anđela and Filip began in high school, where they participated in various competitions and extracurricular activities. Although their first project focused on cultural exchange, the critical turning point came when Anđela, with advice from her father, recognized an opportunity to improve the scheduling process for transport services. This sparked the idea for Moveably—an app that connects transporters and clients through an auction system, allowing users to choose the most affordable and efficient transport solution.

Filip took charge of the technical side of development, while Anđela designed the app’s functionalities using basic tools like pen and paper. Their dedication and teamwork led to the forming of a five-member team, which later expanded to ten members through a school audition.

“We liked the idea of having something we developed that others could use to make their daily lives easier. Personally, the start of this journey allowed me to develop leadership skills and learn how a team functions.

At the same time, Filip gained invaluable experience in developing mobile Android apps”, says Anđela Kanjo.

IN FOCUS:

With Moveably Towards Lower Emissions

The app offers an innovative solution for optimizing transport services. Users can input details about the cargo they need to transport, and transporters submit their bids. The client then chooses the option that suits them best based on price, speed, or ecological efficiency.

Anđela emphasizes that while competition exists, they identified untapped opportunities and potential improvements for the Serbian market. Their goal is to enhance transportation organization, reduce empty trips, and optimize transporter routes, which directly contributes to lowering fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

“The project is currently in the final development stage, preparing for market launch. We are communicating with external partners and transporters about the final adjustments they consider necessary. After that, we will enter the testing phase, during which the platform will be free for transporters to thoroughly test it and confirm its functionality and benefits”, Anđela Kanjo explains.

The innovation developed by Anđela and Filip has a direct environmental impact. Through better planning and more efficient use of transport capacities, Moveably helps minimize unnecessary trips, empty trucks, and inefficient routes. This not only saves time and money for clients and transporters but also significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions and other pollutants from traffic. Traffic optimization could become crucial in Serbia’s efforts to meet emission reduction targets in accordance with international climate agreements.

Prepared by Milena Maglovski

Read the whole story in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine ECOLOGICAL TRANSPORT

Three Innovations That Could Transform the Electric Vehicle Industry

28.12.2024

electric-car-gfdb2efda1_1920 — Photo-illustration: Pixabay (andreas160578)

The electric vehicle (EV) industry is often seen as a critical ally in combating climate change and decarbonizing transportation. However, as the EV market expands, it becomes clear that electrification alone is not enough. For EVs to fully justify their status as an environmentally friendly alternative, every aspect of their production, use, and disposal must be improved.

Below, we present three key innovations that could transform the EV sector into a greener pillar of global decarbonization efforts while delivering performance that rivals fossil-fuel vehicles.

Sodium-Ion Batteries

For years, lithium-ion batteries have dominated the EV market, but sodium-ion technology is increasingly gaining attention as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative.

Advocates of sodium-ion batteries highlight numerous advantages: lower production costs, environmental friendliness, and easier access to raw materials. Unlike lithium, which can be challenging to source and process, sodium is far more abundant, significantly reducing supply chain challenges.

Additionally, the materials used in sodium-ion battery production are generally cheaper than those used in lithium-ion batteries, leading to lower overall costs per kilowatt-hour (kWh). Production costs for these batteries are also expected to remain more stable compared to lithium-ion technologies, further ensuring their sustainability in the market, according to Innovation News Network.

A leader in sodium-ion technology is the Chinese company CATL. At the recent World Young Scientist Summit, Chief Scientist Wu Kai introduced the second generation of sodium-ion batteries, set to launch in 2025. CATL already manufactures sodium-ion batteries and incorporates them into its new hybrid Freevoi battery pack, which combines sodium-ion and lithium-ion cells.

The Freevoi battery is designed specifically for extended-range electric vehicles, offering a range of over 400 kilometers and ultra-fast charging capabilities. This innovation marks a significant step toward broader adoption of sodium-ion technology, showcasing its potential to develop more sustainable solutions for the future of the EV industry.

Solar Cars and Solar Canopies

Solar cars are electric vehicles that use solar energy to directly power their batteries. The key to their success lies in their efficiency and lightweight design, which maximize range using the limited energy harvested from the sun.

One of the first major steps in solar vehicle development occurred in 2013 when Dutch students introduced Stella, the first family solar car. Stella could travel 890 km on a single charge during daylight, with a weight of just 390 kg and a solar array capacity of 1.5 kWh.

Its successor, Stella Lux, raised the bar even higher, breaking records with a 1,500 km range on a single charge. With exceptional aerodynamics (a drag coefficient of just 0.16) and high energy efficiency, Stella Lux can achieve an infinite range during sunny days at speeds of 72 km/h. For an average family traveling less than 320 km daily, recharging from the grid would rarely be necessary—unless they opted to return surplus energy to the grid.

Across the Atlantic, the U.S.-based Aptera Motors is dedicated to developing solar electric cars for the mass market. Their models are designed for maximum energy efficiency and affordability. Aptera vehicles use advanced solar cells capable of generating enough energy for up to 64 km of daily driving solely on solar power—ideal for urban commutes without the need for grid charging.

In addition to solar cars, solar canopies are an efficient solution for both homes and businesses. These structures provide shade and weather protection for vehicles while simultaneously generating green energy to charge batteries.

This technology is gaining traction locally, with many companies recognizing its multiple benefits. Serbian company MT-KOMEX specializes in building EV charging stations equipped with slow (AC) and fast (DC) chargers, with or without canopies. MT-KOMEX’s skilled team delivers practical, efficient, and environmentally responsible solutions, ensuring a simple and safe way to charge EVs.

Wireless Charging

Wireless charging for EVs represents a significant step toward simplifying and enhancing the EV ownership experience. This technology comes in two main forms:

Static wireless charging works similarly to wireless smartphone chargers. When a compatible EV parks over the charger, energy transfers wirelessly, eliminating the need for cables.
Dynamic wireless charging, a more ambitious concept, enables EVs to charge while driving on specially equipped roads. This presents a significant engineering challenge but also a potentially revolutionary solution.

Recognizing the potential of wireless charging, many companies have started investing in its development and testing. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) published official standards in 2020, accelerating technological progress. Companies like BMW, Hyundai, Genesis, and Volvo are now actively developing prototypes, according to PCMag.

Interestingly, Tesla also recognized the potential of this technology, acquiring German wireless EV charger supplier Wiferion in 2023. This move is widely interpreted as a signal that wireless charging will soon become a key part of EV infrastructure.

Milena Maglovski

The First Electric Vehicle Charger “Made in BiH”

28.12.2024

Screenshot-2024-08-26-at-12.53 — Photo: Courtesy of Arslan Hajdarević

Awareness of electromobility is continuously growing, and the automotive industry strives to produce more affordable electric vehicles (EVs). However, charging these vehicles can be problematic due to the lack of public chargers. This challenge inspired a team from Bosnia and Herzegovina, who recently presented their work after three years of development.

Recognizing the need for infrastructure development, which, like in many countries in the region, has yet to keep pace with the growing number of electric vehicles, a team of experts developed the first Bosnian electric vehicle charger with all domestic components. The members of this team, including Armin Durmišević (Director), Arslan Hajdarević, Denis Berilo, and Faruk Ćirić, are dedicated to creating innovative solutions. Together with several colleagues, they designed and built the charger.

– “Our team comprises top experts in software engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering.

IN FOCUS:

The charger is a completely Bosnian product. Our expert team developed all blueprints, sketches, and hardware and software aspects in-house from the beginning. Everything you see on our charger results from our knowledge and experience,” explains Hajdarević. The charger was developed to improve electric vehicle infrastructure in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The team worked on it for over three years, continuously improving every aspect and component to offer the highest-quality product on the market.

The project progressed through several phases and versions, culminating in the current fourth version (v4) of the electronics. In each iteration, the focus was on enhancing functionality, safety, and efficiency. The charger is designed to operate across a wide temperature range, adhering to industrial standards to ensure reliability in various climatic conditions.

The standard cable length is five meters, adjusted to users’ needs. Regarding materials and operation principles, the team used components that precisely control current flow, ensuring safety and efficiency during vehicle charging.

They have produced several prototypes, and the company is also focused on obtaining certification to enter the European market. Each prototype underwent rigorous testing and internal quality control processes, followed by improvements based on test results.

They already hold several ISO certifications (ISO 9001, 14001, and 27001), positioning them highly in the market. Next month, they plan to send the charger for the final CE certification, making them one of the few companies in Europe with such recognition.

Prepared by Jasna Dragojević

The story was published in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine ECOLOGICAL TRANSPORT

China Opens Its First Carbon-Neutral Highway

27.12.2024

auto-put , mobilnost — Photo-illustration: Freepik (4045)

China has officially inaugurated the Jinan-Hefei (G35) highway, its first carbon-neutral highway, marking a significant step toward sustainable transport infrastructure. The highway has been expanded to 152.7 kilometers.

Upgraded to eight lanes, it allows a speed limit of 120 km/h and is equipped with three service stations, two parking zones, and ten toll stations, according to global media reports.

Carbon dioxide emission reductions have been achieved through the use of advanced technologies and renewable energy systems. While the highway produces approximately 13,600 tons of CO2 annually, the implementation of clean technologies allows for emissions reductions exceeding the amount generated—up to 22,500 tons. This means that these technologies not only offset the highway’s emissions but also have additional capacity to reduce the overall carbon footprint.

At facilities along the highway, including service zones, toll stations, access roads, and embankments, solar panels have been installed. Solar canopies also provide charging stations for electric vehicles.

Additionally, the highway incorporates small wind turbines, geothermal heat pumps, and energy storage systems capable of providing 9 MW of power and storing up to 18 MWh of energy. According to global media, there are also mobile energy storage systems that ensure backup power for the microgrid.

This project includes further enhancements in energy efficiency, such as wastewater treatment systems, expanded green spaces, and more.

The highway utilizes advanced monitoring technologies that collect real-time data on highway conditions, enabling more efficient problem-solving.

Statistics show that China builds approximately 6,000 kilometers of new highways and modernizes 3,000 kilometers annually. Projects like this play a vital role in achieving green energy goals and reducing emissions.

Energy portal

The Baltic Sea in Peril – Rising Bacteria and Declining Oxygen Levels Alarm Scientists

27.12.2024

more — Photo-illustration: Freepik (pvproductions)

The Baltic Sea is an ecosystem that has undergone significant changes due to human activities, jeopardizing its functionality and biological balance. Among the most severe negative impacts are eutrophication, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation of resources.

Researchers from the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel conducted a study using long-term data from the Boknis Eck time series station to analyze environmental changes between 1991 and 2019. Their findings, which include substantial shifts in temperature and oxygen levels, were published in the journal Scientific Reports.

By analyzing data from the southwestern Baltic Sea, including measurements of dissolved organic carbon dioxide (a form of carbon dioxide present in water) and nitrogen, a critical nutrient for microorganisms, as well as data on bacterial growth, the researchers observed an increase in bacterial production during summer. This rise occurs particularly after the spring phytoplankton bloom.

The increase in bacteria poses a threat to other organisms in the ecosystem, as bacteria consume nutrients from the water, reducing their availability for other species. Another consequence of human influence is the rise in water temperature, especially in summer, which further strengthens water stratification. This process involves warming of the surface layer, which separates it from deeper, cooler layers—conditions that further promote bacterial growth.

Moreover, bacteria not only utilize nutrients but also consume oxygen from the upper water layer, reducing oxygen levels in other layers. This decline can have severe consequences for marine life. Studies show that despite efforts to restore the ecosystem, bacterial presence continues to rise.

These changes also impact the health of coastal ecosystems, which play a crucial role in mitigating the effects of climate change. Therefore, researchers emphasize the urgent need for stronger conservation efforts to protect these vulnerable ecosystems.

Katarina Vuinac

Environmental Crisis: Fuel Oil Spill in the Kerch Strait

26.12.2024

polina-grishma-YFPsukPSm6Q-unsplash — Foto-ilustracija: Unsplash (polina-grishma)

A recent environmental disaster struck the Kerch Strait, a critical waterway connecting the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, following the sinking of two oil tankers. The incident resulted in a massive spill of fuel oil. According to estimates, around 3,680 tons of petroleum products have leaked into the sea, posing a severe threat to the environment.

This ecological incident has heavily impacted the Krasnodar region, particularly the popular tourist destination of Anapa, where beaches are now covered with layers of fuel oil. Local authorities, with the help of volunteers, are undertaking urgent measures to clean the shores and minimize damage to biodiversity and the region’s economy.

The environmental consequences are already evident. In addition to soil contamination, which may affect local flora, the death of numerous marine animals highlights the gravity of the situation. Birdlife is also suffering, with many birds found covered in oil, requiring immediate rescue efforts.

The governor of Krasnodar expressed concerns about the long-term pollution that could have lasting consequences for the Black Sea ecosystem and called for swift and effective cleanup actions to prevent further contamination. The economic impact is also significant, as the region heavily relies on tourism, which is now directly threatened.

This incident serves as a stark reminder of the need for better regulations in the transport of petroleum products and quicker response mechanisms in the event of ecological disasters to protect natural resources.

Energy portal

In Silence Grows a Healthy Child: The Negative Impact of Noise We Often Overlook

26.12.2024

Photo-illustration: Freepik (jannoon028)

Environmental awareness tends to grow more intensely when the negative consequences of pollution become closer to our everyday lives or directly affect us. This is natural since we care the most when those dearest to us, especially the most vulnerable ones, are at risk. Until now, we’ve become familiar with the effects of various types of pollution on the environment, biodiversity, and human health. We often discuss pollution of oceans, forests, parks, and rivers caused by waste, harmful gas emissions, chemicals, and other factors. However, there is one type of pollution that is often overlooked but can have serious negative consequences—noise pollution.

Would it surprise you if I told you that, according to the European Environment Agency (EEA), noise pollution from transport—such as vehicles, trains, and airplanes—is among the most harmful environmental factors for human health? It ranks just behind air pollution.

Reflecting on this topic, I asked myself how noise affects me. When I go to bed, silence is essential. However, I live near a road where drivers often speed at night. The roar of engines and the screech of tires repeatedly unsettle me, even evoking fear. During the day, while working on my laptop, I manage to mask the traffic noise with background music. But as I think about situations where noise bothers me, my thoughts turn to children. If noise disrupts me as an adult—despite having somewhat adapted to it over the years—how much more does it affect children? Children who are learning, sleeping, or attending classes.

How Does Noise Affect Children’s Development?

Research shows that this type of pollution can cause severe health issues, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as well as mental health disorders. Particularly alarming is the finding that chronic exposure to traffic noise can negatively impact children, who are at a critical stage of learning and development. Studies increasingly indicate that children exposed to noise caused by transportation may experience cognitive challenges, learning difficulties, behavioral problems, and even obesity.

Photo-illustration: Freepik (master1305)

During adolescence, exposure to such pollution has been linked to anxiety, while exposure to transport noise in early childhood can lead to mental health issues later in adulthood.

The EEA provided more precise data on children in Europe aged 6 to 17 who experience difficulties in reading or behavior due to exposure to transport noise. A 2022 study covered noise from road, rail, and air traffic, including data on children in both urban and rural environments. Although detailed data were presented for each group, I will summarize the total numbers for both environments.

Regarding reading difficulties, road traffic has the greatest impact, affecting over 450,000 children, followed by rail traffic with over 80,000 and air traffic with nearly 8,000 children. The alarming figure is that more than half a million children are affected.

Although fewer children are impacted by behavioral difficulties due to this noise, each individual case represents a serious issue. Road traffic affects more than 50,000 children, rail traffic nearly 8,000, and air traffic about 600 children.

How Can We Reduce Noise Exposure in Children?

To minimize children’s exposure to transport noise, comprehensive measures are necessary. Speed limits on roads and the installation of noise barriers can significantly reduce noise levels, while designing school buildings away from busy traffic areas provides additional protection. Quality sound insulation of walls, windows, and doors in schools and residential buildings plays a crucial role in maintaining silence. Planting trees around these buildings not only reduces noise levels but also creates a more pleasant and healthier environment. These measures are equally important for residential buildings to ensure better protection from noise in everyday life.

Finally, we should all reflect on how transport noise affects us, even if we don’t notice it immediately. Perhaps now is the right time to talk to children about whether noise bothers them and how they feel in their daily environment. Such conversations can help us better understand their needs and contribute to creating a quieter and healthier space for their growth and development.

Katarina Vuinac

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