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WIND ENERGY – NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMPLE AND MORE EFFICIENT PRODUCTION

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Oliver Hihn)

Since the beginning of the year, there has been talk about the great success of renewable energy sources in 2023, with wind energy being the most used one. However, since last year’s United Nations Conference on Climate Change (COP28) set the goal of tripling the use of this type of energy by 2030, the representation of renewable sources must be significantly improved. One of the guidelines for doing so includes constant technology innovation which is very important. Developing technology improves many aspects – from easier installation, lower prices to more efficient operation and less negative impact on nature.

One such innovative solution was offered by the startup called Katrick Technologies, which has devised technology that produces electricity using wind, but not in the same way as conventional wind farms do. While conventional method of electricity generation involves rotation, the new technology generates energy using oscillating blades.

This is possible at low altitudes and thanks to the oscillating wings, the technology reacts to current changes in wind speed that occur closer to the ground surface. On the other hand, rotary movements work better at higher altitudes, say over 10 metres, where there is a laminar flow of wind, i.e. the calmer jet stream.

The technology works in such a way that the kinetic energy of the wind is converted into mechanical oscillations, which are then converted into electrical energy. Capturing large amounts of kinetic energy is possible due to the relatively large working surface and its density. Each device has six oscillating wings.

These devices can be placed in a variety of places, from flat surfaces on top of buildings to places like roads. The startup showed by example that if the devices are placed on the side of the road on a length of just one kilometre, they can charge 80,000 90kW Tesla cars or power 760 homes every year.

One of their advantages is precisely their design, making them suitable for urban areas, where it is not possible to build a conventional wind farm. The flexibility of the installation is also a great advantage because they can be placed at different angles, so that at any moment, a change in wind direction can be captured. This also makes it easier to obtain consent for their installation.

When it comes to conventional wind farms, they are often criticized for the danger they can pose to wildlife, especially birds. This is why this kind of solution is important because it reduces the risk for wild animals and has a minimal impact on the environment.

This doesn’t apply only to wind energy, but also to other renewable sources as they are often criticized for their impact on nature. Although on the one hand, they contribute to its protection through the reduction of emissions produced by traditional electricity generation methods, there is still room for their improvement. That’s why every good innovation that takes this aspect into account is something to be happy about.

Katarina Vuinac

800 CHARGERS ON PUBLIC LIGHTING IN PRAGUE BY 2026

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (CHUTTERSNAP)
Photo illustration: Pixbay

The average age of vehicles in the Czech Republic is higher compared to the rest of the European Union. According to data from 2023, the number of electric cars in this country was approximately 14,000, however, most drivers in the Czech Republic still use petrol and diesel vehicles.

In the first six months of 2022, diesel vehicles accounted for a larger share of new car sales in the Czech Republic than in any other EU country, while in the rest of the EU, sales of diesel- powered cars fell significantly. Electric cars in the Czech Republic are still quite expensive, while the average wage in the country is also somewhat lower compared to Western Europe. There is also an inadequate charging infrastructure, which makes their use for longer journeys difficult, as it requires detailed route planning.

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Photo-illustration: Pixabay (stux)

The city of Prague currently provides free parking for electric cars in main city zones, but this privilege will be abolished on December 31, 2024, which does not mean that the state will not continue to invest in electromobility. This change is part of the upcoming reform of the parking system in Prague, according to the city’s website.

Given that the number of e-vehicles will inevitably grow and that they take up as much space as other cars, this rule will not be able to survive in the long run, hence its abolition.

However, the city will continue to invest in charging infrastructure and therefore plans to increase investments in electric chargers with the help of European subsidies. The city of Prague has already spent about CZK 220 million on developing charging infrastructure and the plan is to install about 800 charging points on public lighting by 2026.

Energy portal

MINI NUCLEAR BATTERIES – TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION FOR EVERY DAY?

Foto: pixabay
Foto-ilustracija: Unsplash (Steve Johnson)

Nuclear batteries are a completely new concept and are a part of devices that we use every day. A nuclear battery produces electricity by using the energy released during the radioactive decay of a nuclear isotope, using specialized converters.

Such batteries are a great technological advance and have excellent features such as durability. Still, whenever someone mentions radioactivity and nuclear processes, there is some concern raised.

Nevertheless, electricity generated in this way is safe and produced at a smaller scale, compared to large nuclear reactors, which most people associate with electricity production.

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The Chinese company Betavolt has been using a combination of technologies to produce nuclear batteries which are now the size of a small coin. These batteries provide electricity that is produced by the decay of the radioactive element nickel-63. Because of its multi-layer construction, Betavolt claims the risk of the battery catching fire or exploding is minimal, according to World Nuclear News.

However, the use of nuclear batteries is not without controversy, as we have already stated. There are environmental concerns, given that radioactive materials are used. The use of such minerals and materials for products in everyday use could potentially run into legal hurdles, but it is still too early to tell, given that the product has not been launched for wider commercial use at the moment, although there are plans to use it in drones and phones.

Energy portal

SET TREBINJE 2024 FROM MARCH 20th TO 22nd

Photo: SET TREBINJE
Photo: Wikipedia/Goran Andjelic

The 5th SET Trebinje Energy Summit will be held this year from March 20 to 22 under the slogan “Energy Connectivity of the Western Balkans”, at the Trebinje Cultural Centre.

The summit is organized under the auspices of the Ministry of External Trade and Economic Relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Srpska government and the Republic of Srpska Ministry of Energy and Mining and the Ministry of Economy and Entrepreneurship. Elnos Group Banja Luka is the Summit’s main sponsor.

The increasing share of renewable sources in the production of electricity and at the same time their influence on the power system place increasing demands for the accelerated development of the system itself. At the same time, due to the increasing decentralized production of electricity in the immediate vicinity of the consumers or by consumers themselves, it becomes difficult for the suppliers to satisfy the ever-changing supply and demand. It is precisely in this connection that concepts and technical solutions such as energy storage, microgrids, demand adjustment and energy efficiency measures are increasingly coming to the fore.

During the three summit days, the participants will have the opportunity to discuss key questions regarding the energy future with almost 50 leaders from the power industry in the regional countries, who will participate in seven panel discussions. All relevant representatives of the energy sector in the region, executives from top domestic companies and institutions that shape the industry, business leaders and creators of energy policies, as well as top domestic and international energy experts will take part in the Summit.

“This year’s programme covers the topics of connection and cooperation of power companies in the region, management of power grids, electricity trading, gas market, management of electricity production facilities and management of own solar power plants. The most prestigious regional energy experts will speak about these topics, while several other extremely important topics related to the further development and just transition of the energy sector in the region will be discussed through presentations”, said the Summit’s organizers.

The Trebinje Energy Summit is an excellent opportunity for cooperation between public power companies, authorities and technology providers with the view of exchanging information and knowledge to understand the future of energy and see where the world is going in terms of sustainability.

During three days, the Summit will host over 1,000 participants from the region, which testifies to the great interest in the Summit shown by the energy stakeholders. Furthermore, a number of companies have also expressed their interest in participating in this year’s Summit, as this is an ideal opportunity to establish contact with potential business partners.

Source: Energy Portal

THE FUTURE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION

Photo-illustration: Unsplash/Gene Gallin
Photo: courtesy of Dean Smolar

At a time when the world is facing increasingly pronounced challenges caused by climate change, sustainable green construction is a key component of their solution. This is not only about buildings that look modern and, at first glance, exist in harmony with nature but about buildings which, at their core, reflect a much deeper understanding of ecology, energy, and responsible construction.

The Croatian Green Building Council (GBC) is the largest non-governmental and membership organization in Croatia. It deals with sustainable construction, energy efficiency and green energy. It is also engaged in the business network of the companies and organizations that are green transition leaders. The GBC has over 130 members from construction, energy, public administration and the academic community, and its main goal is to help its members and other relevant market players act in the direction of a sustainable, urban way of life. The GBC achieves this goal through education, networking and promotion.

According to certain recently published estimates, buildings in the European Union (EU) produce approximately 40 per cent of emissions. They are huge energy consumers responsible for 35 per cent of construction material consumption and 35 per cent of waste generation in the same sector. That’s why buildings have the greatest potential for savings and are a key point in the EU’s interest in becoming climate-neutral by 2050.

Given that the Croatian Green Building Council is one of the important organizations in promoting sustainable practices in the region, we got more specific insights into this issue in our conversation with the Council. We spoke with its Executive Director, Dean Smolar, about the challenges and solutions, as well as the Council’s future initiatives.

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A part of a wider network

With 76 countries worldwide and over 36,000 members, the World Green Building Council (WGBC) is the largest and most influential global network aiming to promote a sustainable and decarbonized environment for all. The Croatian Green Building Council is part of this network, as well as the European Regional Network of Green Building Councils (ERN). Through global connectivity, common goals are accomplished through various local, regional and world projects. The Croatian Green Building Council actively participates in projects financed from national and European sources, where, as partners, they have the opportunity to demonstrate their capabilities.

Photo: Croatian Green Building Council

The Croatian Green Building Council acts as a platform for promoting the positive impact of sustainable construction and everything that goes with it. It rests on four organizational pillars – membership, events, projects, and certification.

“In addition to membership, GBC successfully organizes various educational events and conferences, workshops, and symposiums, which more than 10,000 participants have attended. Everything functions as a single platform for primarily national networking of policymakers and industry leaders and their exchange of ideas. Thus, in the last few years, GBC has been engaged in these segments as a key partner in numerous projects”, says Mr Smolar.

For the past year, they have been working a lot on developing the DGNB green building certificate, which is an abbreviation for the German Sustainable Building Council (Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen) and its version adapted to the Croatian market. They also organize training sessions about this certificate for future consultants as an official Academy Partner.

The DGNB certification system is the only one completely aligned with EU regulations and norms, so it does not require harmonization of documentation for the European market. The GBC is the DGNB’s partner in Croatia, i.e. the only organization in the country through which a project can be registered for certification. The DGNB brings not only a certification system but a vision of transformation of the construction industry. Founded in 2007 as an independent non-profit organization, it quickly gained a reputation as one of the most advanced international sustainable construction standards, with over 10,000 certified projects in nearly 30 countries.

Prepared by: Milica Vučković

Read the story in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine  CIRCULAR ECONOMY

CROATIA GENERATED THE NEEDED POWER FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES FOR FOUR DAYS

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay (Pexels)
Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay (tookapic)

In December 2023, Croatia made a significant step forward in generating electricity from renewable sources, which had a 19.5 per cent share in the total available electricity, excluding hydroelectric plants, thus ranking first when it comes to the production of electricity in this country.

This was made possible, among other things, with the construction of solar power plants, which in that period, recorded the largest increase in capacity among all power-generated technologies in the power system, although they still do not have such a significant share as that of wind, for instance. By January 1, 2024, the installed capacity of solar power plants reached 462.5MW, with an additional 238.7MW put into operation in 2023, according to the RES Croatia website.

Hydropower plants still play a dominant role in the production of electricity, as they accounted for the largest share of the total energy mix in the previous month as well.

In terms of the country’s energy landscape, it is important to mention the Krško nuclear power plant, whose energy production accounts for about 15 per cent of the total share, as was the case in December.

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Photo-ilustration: Pixabay

After hydropower plants, wind farms play a significant role in electricity generation and this was particularly evident in December 2023. The total installed power of wind farms amounted to 1,160.15MW, with the new Bruvno 45MW power plant commissioned. The total production of wind power plants this month was 243,901MWh.

For example, 43.5 per cent of electricity for domestic electricity consumption on December 15th was generated by RES, excluding hydropower plants, and with the overwhelmingly largest share of wind energy. It is important to note that in this period, wind is the dominant RES in electricity production due to weather conditions. The share of wind energy in electricity generation drops in the summer, which is why it is important to develop solar energy, which reaches its peak during the summer.

For balancing purposes, Croatia had to carry out a significant exchange of electricity at interconnections, with imports of 95GWh and exports of 148GWh.

Energy portal

EU COUNCIL AND PARLIAMENT REACH AN AGREEMENT ON REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS GENERATED BY HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Caleb Ruiter)
Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Pau Casals)

The Council and the European Parliament reached a temporary political agreement on CO2 emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles, to reduce these emissions in the road transport sector, but also set new targets for 2030, 2035 and 2040. The new rules will contribute to the fulfilment of the EU’s climate ambitions for 2030 and reach climate neutrality by 2050.

Furthermore, the goal is to boost the share of zero-emission vehicles in the number of heavy-duty vehicles throughout the EU, while ensuring the preservation and improvement of innovations in the sector and its competitiveness, the Council’s website says.

The agreement is provisional until formal adoption by both institutions.

It was also agreed that the scope of the regulation should be extended to include almost all new heavy-duty vehicles with CO2 emissions certificates, such as light trucks, city buses, coaches and trailers, subject to emission reduction targets.

The CO2 reduction targets set out in the regulation will not apply to small manufacturers and vehicles used for mining, forestry and agriculture, as well as vehicles used by armed forces and fire departments and vehicles used in civil protection and health care.

The interim agreement also extends the scope of the regulation to professional vehicles such as garbage trucks or concrete mixers at a later stage, i.e. in 2035. Additionally, the Commission will analyze the possibility of including smaller trucks, under five tonnes, in the scope.

This agreement also deals with the issue of retrofitted vehicles, i.e. conventional vehicles converted into zero-emission vehicles, enabling the transfer of such vehicles between manufacturers. It was agreed that the Commission is tasked with assessing the need to facilitate the take-up on the market of retrofitted heavy vehicles through harmonized rules for their use by 2025.

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New emission reduction targets

In line with the EU’s climate targets for 2030 and beyond, the Council and Parliament maintained the targets set by the Commission in its proposal for a 45 per cent reduction in 2030, 65per cent in 2035 and 90 per cent in 2040, in addition to the reduction target until 2025 by 15 per cent that was already foreseen in the current regulation. These targets will apply to heavy trucks over 7.5 tonnes and buses.

It was also agreed that the target for trailers was reduced to 7.5 per cent and for semi-trailers to 10 per cent. There is also a new definition of what constitutes an e-trailer, in order to bring legal clarity and adapt the existing regulation to the technical development of this new type of trailer, considering the potential of e-trailers to contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions.

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Fiona Feng)

The proposed amendment also introduces a goal of 100 per cent zero emissions for city buses by 2035, while an intermediate goal of 90 per cent is set for this category by 2030. Intercity buses are excluded from this amendment.

The next steps include submitting this temporary agreement to the Committee of the Permanent Representatives of the Governments of the Member States to the European Union and the parliamentary committee for the environment for adoption. If approved, the agreement will then have to be formally adopted by both institutions, after revision by legal linguists, before being published in the Official Journal of the EU and entering into force.

The Council and the Parliament officially agreed on their positions on the amended regulation in October and November 2023.

This is a significant move because the heavy-duty vehicle sector is responsible for over 25 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions from road traffic in the EU.

Energy Portal

BALKAN SOLAR SUMMIT IN FEBRUARY IN BANJA LUKA

Photo: Balkan Solar Summit
Photo-illustration: Pixabay (Michael_Pointner)

The Balkan Solar Summit will take place from February 7 to 9 in Banja Luka, in Banski Dvor. This top event is a unique opportunity to meet, network and exchange ideas with leading experts, investors, decision makers and representatives of the business community from across the region.

The Balkan Solar Summit is a hub for everyone who is engaged in the renewable energy sources sector. The summit will discuss the latest trends and innovations in solar and wind energy, energy storage, as well as other key aspects of energy transition and sustainability.

The Summit programme includes a series of panel discussions, presentations and workshops, with a focus on innovative approaches, strategies and technologies that are key to the transition to a sustainable energy future. The highlighted topics include the role of solar energy in achieving carbon neutrality, the financing of solar and wind energy projects and the development and implementation of battery systems for energy storage.

Participating in the Balkan Solar Summit gives you the opportunity to keep up with the latest trends, learn about innovative solutions and strategies and build valuable business contacts. This is an ideal opportunity to directly influence your business growth and development in the dynamic renewable energy sector.

Don’t miss the opportunity to be a part of this extraordinary event! For more information about the event, click here and reserve your place by paying a registration fee.

Source: Balkan Solar Summit

SEF 2024: REGIONAL ENERGY BOOM IN SARAJEVO, 30th AND 31st JANUARY

Photo: SEF Sarajevo
Photo: SEF Sarajevo

Sarajevo Energy Forum (SEF) has become a recognizable brand and a renowned sustainable energy forum with regional stakeholders in the energy sector, from government and educational institutions to experts who are knowledgeable of trends and can offer ideas on how to improve businesses and systems in the service of the development of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the region.

 

This year’s SEF will be held on January 30th and 31st at the Hills Hotel in Ilidža. Distinguished panelists will speak at the conference about the opportunities that sustainable energy can create for the economy in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the region.

 

One of the important topics that will be discussed will be the unhindered export of goods to the EU, considering that from January 1st, 2026, companies will have to pay expensive taxes on CO2 emissions. This poses a big challenge as there is a possibility that many businesses will no longer be sustainable. Hence, the public and private sectors must react in a timely manner and be prepared.

 

SEF 2024 will offer answers to questions such as what are the lines of support and subsidies, the best ways to finance projects and how to prepare and secure your certificates of origin and green certificates in the easiest way. The Forum will also discuss the most important issue for the development of RES, which is ensuring stable grids for all those who are waiting to be connected to a power grid, as well as a presentation on research on the flexibility of power grids and measures to increase their capacity. 

On behalf of the German government, GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit) supports the decarbonization of the electric power sector in the Western Balkans and in this regard also supports the second panel discussion on the development of smart power grids and electricity metres for the distribution and transmission of electricity in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the region to jointly work on creating an energetically strong region.

 

A special panel will be dedicated to responsible companies and how to build and improve their own energy business, how to ensure safe export of goods and how to connect with the best companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the region.

 

RIMAC ENERGY is a partner and gold sponsor of the Sarajevo Energy Forum 2024. This is a global company that has changed the perception of electric vehicles and is known for its continuous innovations. The company will take part in the SEF with its valuable contribution and knowledge of global trends in energy storage and battery production for large power systems, businesses and citizens.

 

Apart from global and regional companies, leading companies from Bosnia and Herzegovina will also take part such as HIFA-OIL, the general sponsor of SEF 2024. It will be interesting to hear their experiences about how virtual power plants help the development of renewable sources projects, how they ensure stable and secure purchase contracts, how they managed to complete the construction of the largest private photovoltaic power plant (of over 4,000MWh output) in the country and what are their plans for the future. 

 

Also, companies that offer products or provide services related to this segment can participate in the Exhibitors’ Fair, which will last for two days of the Sarajevo Energy Forum SEF 2024.

 

The number of places for participation is limited and registrations are open for a few more days. For more information and reservation/application for participation in this prestigious forum, please click here.

 

SEF 2024 partners and sponsors are RIMAC ENERGY, HIFA-OIL, PV Smart Click, Solar Steelconstruction, Procredit Bank, Euro-Solar and many other renowned companies and institutions, which gives the Forum added value. The Sarajevo Energy Forum is a must-see event for energy companies. 

 

Source: SEF Sarajevo

FROM JAMAICA TO THE SAHARA: THE STRUGGLE FOR WATER RESOURCES

Photo illustration: Pixabay
Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay

Faced with the challenges of climate change and frequent droughts, people around the world are finding innovative ways to manage water resources. One such example comes from a rural settlement in Jamaica, where local residents use large rainwater collection tanks, connected by pipes to their roofs. This water is then used to irrigate agricultural crops, using a drip irrigation system. Jamaica’s example is just one of many global efforts to combat the looming water crisis.

Water scarcity is becoming an increasingly serious worldwide problem. It has been estimated that by 2025, about two-thirds of the world’s population could experience a lack of water, including regions in South and Central Asia, and North Africa, as well as in more developed countries such as the United States, which are the most affected, according to UNEP.

In South and Central Asia, water scarcity is a consequence of droughts, intensive agricultural activity and population that puts significant pressure on water resources. While there are periods of abundant rainfall in sub-Saharan Africa, infrastructure problems and limited access to clean water are still a major challenge and in many parts, wells need to be dug. This situation shows how even in areas with natural water resources, poor infrastructure and management cause problems, with population growth also contributing to this. ​

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Communities around the world are turning to unconventional water sources. Methods such as mist collection, using treated wastewater and desalination – the process of removing salt from seawater to produce drinking water – are becoming increasingly popular. Countries such as the Bahamas, the Maldives and Malta already meet their water needs exclusively through desalination, as explained on the UNEP website.

However, such unconventional water sources come with certain challenges. Desalination requires significant investments in infrastructure and can have negative environmental consequences. Also, the use of wastewater requires precise technologies and policies to ensure safety and avoid potential infections.

In addition to finding new sources, more efficient management of existing water resources is also important.

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay

As we wrote before, the World Resources Institute points out that a quarter of the world is population faces an extremely high level of water scarcity every year, despite using almost all available resources. The most vulnerable countries are those facing extreme levels of resource stress, meaning they are already using at least 80 percent of their water resources. These include Bahrain, Cyprus, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Egypt, Libya and others.

The population is growing, temperatures are getting higher and water supplies are dwindling, due to global warming and droughts. Since 1960, the water demand has more than doubled. In addition to population growth and climate change, economic growth is also boosting, thus increasing the industry and agriculture’s need for water.

Water resource management is becoming a key global challenge. Coordinated global and local solutions, innovations in technology and sustainable practices are needed to ensure the availability of water for future generations. Without these efforts, water problems will continue to worsen, which could have serious consequences for millions of people around the world.

Energy Portal

North macedonia: floating solar power plants in the national irrigation grid

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Jordan McQueen)

The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of North Macedonia, Ljupčo Nikolovski, the Ambassador of the Kingdom of Spain, H.E. Jose Luis Lozano Garcia and representatives of the consulting company Globatek signed a contract stipulating the implementation of a large-scale project related to irrigation of agricultural land.

Previously, on January 9, 2024, the Government of North Macedonia adopted the decree proposed by the Ministry for the provision of grant funds for drafting a technical study for the integration of floating photovoltaic plants into the national irrigation grid. The signing of the aforementioned agreement followed the decree’s adoption on January 9.

Minister Nikolovski says that the grant comes from the financial support available under the auspices of the European plan for recovery, transformation and resilience, which is supported by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism of Spain, in the amount of 765,158.00 euros.

As stated on the Ministry’s website, the implementation of the planned activities is divided into several phases. The first phase envisages finding locations for the installation of floating photovoltaic plants. The second phase includes drafting a project and feasibility study, while the third phase envisages the development of project proposals for the installation of floating photovoltaic plants.

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The Minister pointed out that this type of technology, along with the installation of floating photovoltaic devices, is already being used in several European countries, such as Spain and Belgium. Floating solar power plants are mainly used in the irrigation sector and managed by companies. This allows the agricultural sector to be more self-sufficient and sustainable.

He added that thanks to this project, the Ministry continued to invest in the development and modernization of the national agricultural irrigation system, thus directly helping each farmer.

Investing in water supply facilities is one of the key priorities in the Ministry’s work, with new dams and irrigation systems being built with both state and EU funds.

Energy Portal

Circular economy – think locally, act globally

Photo-illustration: Pexels (Sarah Chai)
Photo: courtesy of Olga Gavrić

Global warming, environmental devastation and ecosystem pollution have contributed to actualizing the circularity concept. The circular economy (CE) seeks to replace the conventional linear model, as it assumes the reuse of waste as an input in the following production process.

In this regard, it is based on two principles: efficient management of resources and waste reduction.

In other words, CE encourages a more rational use of limited natural resources. It also results in lower pollution costs by reducing waste from production and consumption. The wide application of the circular economy in various segments of the economy contributes to accomplishing sustainable development goals.

Several prerequisites need to be met to implement CE effectively. To begin with, it is important to define the legal framework and institutional support. Second, innovations are significant for achieving circularity. Namely, this connection is like a two-way street because the further application of this principle promotes innovations and boosts micro and macro competitiveness. Third, there has to be communication and cooperation between companies, consumers and other stakeholders in all stages of the product life cycle. Finally, educating the population is an indispensable link in awakening environmental awareness and expanding ecological perspectives.

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Circular economy and eco-products

One of the main features of the circular economy is the creation of green (eco) products. Consequently, eco-products have a minimal environmental impact in all phases of the product’s life cycle. Also, green products must be clearly labelled and declared to identify and inform customers more easily. In general, eco-products differ from classic products in terms of their properties and added value for the consumers. The circular economy has various economic effects: it contributes to the development of new markets and distribution channels, and it facilitates the emergence of new business models and higher employment. In practice, recycling is often transformed through the circular economy process. However, recycling is only one of the segments of a much broader notion of this concept.

Photo-illustration: Pexels (Vie studio)

Many global economies, including the European Union, have accomplished significant results in circularity. On the other hand, Serbia is in the initial stages of development. In this regard, concrete steps and developments have been made in previous years. Last year, the Circular Economy Action Plan was written, stipulating nationwide activities and measures until 2024. Implementing this Action Plan is a kind of support for the green transition in the Republic of Serbia, as well as the accomplishment of the Green Agenda goals in the Western Balkans. In parallel with the Plan and cooperation with the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Serbian Ministry of Environmental Protection selected nine projects following a public call to submit innovations in the circular economy. The common feature of the selected projects is the reduction of greenhouse gases, waste generation and disposal costs, and less environmental degradation. In addition to environmental aspects, some of the projects also have a social component, thus proving the initial premise of sustainability.

The transition from a linear to a circular model presupposes clearly defining its implementers. With that in mind, the main implementers in Serbia are, in most cases, corporations and large production systems, as well as small entrepreneurs whose importance is not negligible. Namely, despite local influence and small market share, small producers and new brands of eco-products not only have a lower ecological footprint and degrade the environment less but also contribute to more efficient waste management and rational use of resources, as the basic premises of CE.

Read the story in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine CIRCULAR ECONOMY

UNEXPLORED SEABED OF NORWAY: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF SEA MINING

Foto-ilustracija: Unsplash (Kym Ellis)
Foto-ilustracija: Unsplash (Mikita Karasiou)

Seabed mining is the process of extracting minerals from the deep sea. Hundreds, even over 1,000 metres below the surface of the water, there is cobalt, nickel, zinc, copper, lead, lithium and other minerals hidden in various sources.

Everyday people use appliances, laptops, phones, electric scooters, and in some countries even electric cars, however, all of these require the use of certain minerals. On the other hand, the deep sea hides the mostly unexplored marine life, species and their habitats.

For this very reason, Norway is facing a dilemma – to choose economy over ecology or vice versa. On the one hand, the political structures have already decided that Norway will be one of the first countries to engage in seabed mining, while on the other hand, researchers, scientists and environmental advocates think that these processes can destroy ecosystems which importance we cannot even comprehend as the ocean is still a very untested concept. There are concerns about environmental impacts, such as habitat destruction, sediment disturbance and water pollution.

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The good side is that Norway has the experience, technology and working conditions, unlike some countries that export ore. Certainly, Norway is no stranger to industry, the sea and mining, given that the country has been active in this field since the discovery of crude oil, the WWF says. However, the flora and fauna at these depths are still a mystery to everyone. Because of this, several petitions have been launched and appeals forwarded to the European Parliament, but it seems that the government, without the Norwegian Parliament opposing, still has the last say.

Norway is known for implementing many environmental standards – electric cars are everywhere, petrol and diesel cars will soon be banned, while wind generators and solar panels generate renewable energy that does not produce harmful emissions. However, in order for these technologies exist and for Norway to be sustainable, clean and unpolluted, it has to use minerals which require mining. The question is how and at what cost?

Energy Portal

LUXEN SOLAR – A RELIABLE PARTNER FOR THE SOLAR FUTURE

Photo: Luxen Solar
Photo: Luxen Solar

Solar cell technology is definitely one of the most important segments in the transition to clean energy. The great potential of this segment provides room for constant improvement of the solar panel production process. Manufacturers are aware of the fact that a reliable, top-quality product is the best advertisement; they pay special attention to these business segments. Company Luxen Solar, based in Vienna, the quality of work carried out by the Luxen Solar Company is verified because it is one of the most influential brands in the solar industry. They launched their operations in Spain in 2005, and today they have over 15 industry awards, employ more than 500 people worldwide and are one of the most innovative companies, as well as one of the TOP 20 exporters.

During almost two decades of operations, Luxen’s research and development sector has been closely following the trends in the solar panel industry, which is why many have recognized them as a safe and reliable partner. So far, they have delivered over six gigawatts (GW) of panels and are developing fully automated production – robots – which will be controlled by artificial intelligence. The capacity of this plant will have been 10GW by 2026.

Recognition of quality

The company’s portfolio includes a wide range of products for both rooftops and ground projects. Following global trends in the industry and using the latest technology, their TOPCon N-series fulfils the highest quality standard in the design and functionality of solar panels. The Tier 1 status awarded by BloombergNEF testifies to the quality of the company’s products.

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Photo: Luxen Solar

The TOPCon N-Series is manufactured in a state-of-the-art digitized Industry 4.0 facility with brand-new robotic equipment driven by artificial intelligence. The product line includes the N6 Series with 210mm technology and the N5 Series with 182mm technology, which are adapted to the different requirements of rooftop and ground projects.

Some of the key advantages of the N-series, compared to conventional modules, are almost 2.5 per cent more electricity production after 30 years, up to eight years longer warranty and 85 per cent bifaciality, which is 15 per cent more compared to the market standard. The solar panels of this series generate two hours more electricity a day, that is, 720 hours a year and 21,900 hours more over 30 years, with a significantly lower temperature Pmax of -0.29%°C.

Advantages of using new technology

The benefits of the N-series of solar panels are reflected in the reduction of the ‘levelized cost of electricity’ (LCOE). This was achieved by boosting the efficiency of the cells up to 28.7 per cent and the smaller module area. At the same time, production was increased. Still, degradation was also significantly reduced – only one per cent in the first year compared to 2-2.5 per cent when it comes to the use of conventional technology. There is also a longer lifetime under warranty and continuous high-power output in low-light conditions. The N-series TOPCon occupies a leading position when it comes to having numerous advantages over today’s standard technology.

It has resulted in Luxen Solar offering clients a product of exceptional quality and performance that results in a faster return on investment and ensures optimal use of space, long-term reliability, energy independence and a competitive edge in the market. These solar panels effectively help produce clean energy that creates a sustainable future while reducing electricity costs.

Prepared by: Milica Radičević

Read the story in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine CIRCULAR ECONOMY.

AN INTERNATIONAL LEGALLY BINDING INSTRUMENT ON PLASTIC POLLUTION TO BE CREATED BY THE END OF 2024

Photo-illustration: Pixabay (VIVIANE6276)
Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Maria Mendiola)

Although the plastic industry is worth about 700 billion dollars a year, provides millions of jobs and generates other social benefits, we have to look at the bigger picture, i.e. how plastic is used and disposed of because it harms the environment, people, but also the economy and the companies themselves.

As stated on the website of the World Economic Forum, this comprehensive view has led to countries agreeing to create an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution by the end of 2024.

Negotiations on this Instrument have been going on for almost two years now and the last two rounds of negotiations this year will be crucial, as will the proactive engagement of all stakeholders – including the private sector – who must help the negotiators to send out the right signals so that the business sector can end plastic pollution.

There are several key points that the Instrument must achieve. Firstly, unnecessary, problematic and avoidable plastic products must be eliminated. These are mainly single- or multiple-used items. 

Secondly, products have to be redesigned, including their packaging, which implies using less plastic, with such products becoming easier to reuse, replenish, repair and recycle. As an example, the transition from liquid soaps, shampoos and detergents to solid substances delivered in non-plastic packaging was offered.

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Thirdly, it is necessary to implement innovations to switch to other materials, alternative plastics and plastic products that do not have a negative impact on the environment, health and society. This includes eliminating microplastics and chemicals harmful to human health.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Fourthly, it is crucial to invest in better systems to reduce, reuse, replenish, repair, recycle and manage and dispose of waste in an environmentally sound manner. This will encourage manufacturers to design reusable products and ensure that resources become circular. However, all this must happen while enabling a just transition and decent jobs for the communities.

Estimates show that if such an agreement were to be reached, most plastic pollution could be ended by 2040, including the one in the marine environment, while simultaneously unlocking social and economic opportunities. What’s more, research by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and other organizations has shown that hundreds of thousands of new and fairly distributed jobs could be created, as well as billions of dollars generated in savings in public and private funds if the negative effects of plastic on health, climate change, air pollution and ecosystem degradation are eliminated.

In order to achieve all this, the Instrument has to resolve some other important issues. A level playing field must be created for all and regulatory approaches harmonized at the international level. Also, countries that consume large amounts of plastic should take greater responsibility and provide support to those economies that depend on plastic production. These are just some of the actions that must be coordinated among the countries that support the creation of this Instrument.

Energy Portal

EU exported 32 million tonnes of waste in 2022

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Antoine GIRET)
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

In 2022, the EU exported 32.1 million tonnes of waste to non-EU countries. This was a slight decrease of three per cent compared with 2021. Imports of waste from non-EU countries decreased by five per cent since 2021, amounting to 18.7 million tonnes. This information comes from annual data on trade in waste released by Eurostat today.

Türkiye: main destination for EU’s waste exports

Türkiye was the largest destination for waste exported from the EU in 2022. With a volume of 12.4 million tonnes, it accounted for 39 per cent of the total exports of waste. The second largest destination was India, which received 3.5 million tonnes of waste from the EU in 2022, followed by the United Kingdom (2.0 million tonnes), Switzerland (1.6 million), Norway (1.6 million), Egypt (1.6 million), Pakistan (1.2 million), Indonesia (1.1 million), Morocco and the United States (both 0.8 million).

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Ferrous metals waste accounts for half of all waste exports from the EU

In 2022, the EU exported 17.8 million tonnes of ferrous metals waste (iron and steel), accounting for 55 per cent of all waste exports from the EU. The main destination was Türkiye which received 10.7 million tonnes, almost two thirds (60 per cent) of all ferrous metal waste exported from the EU.

Considerable amounts of paper waste were also exported, amounting to 4.9 million tonnes or 15 per cent of the EU’s waste exports in 2022. The main destination was India (30 per cent of total paper waste exports).

On the import side, the EU received 4.2 million tonnes of ferrous metals (22 per cent of all waste imports) and 2.4 million tonnes of paper (13 per cent of all waste imports). The largest amounts of those waste were coming from the United Kingdom – 1.3 tonnes or 33 per cent of total ferrous metals waste and 1.2 tonnes or 49 per cent of total paper waste imports.

Source: Eurostat